ArticleCognitive research: principles and implications2022
Face masks affect emotion categorisation, age estimation, recognition, and gender classification from faces.
Article in Cognitive research: principles and implications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Interoceptive Awareness on Recognition of and Sensitivity to Emotions in Masked Facial Stimuli.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exploring the Role of Foveal and Extrafoveal Processing in Emotion Recognition: A Gaze-Contingent Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Masked face matching benefits from isolated facial features.PloS one · 2025Article
- Challenges of face identification with varied mask coverage in the post COVID-19 era.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The social factors behind the mask: contextual effects on trait impressions from faces wearing a face mask.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2024Article
- On the brain struggles to recognize basic facial emotions with face masks: an fMRI study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- The role of inversion and face masks on simultaneous and delayed face matching tasks.PloS one · 2024Article
- Seeing emotions in the eyes: a validated test to study individual differences in the perception of basic emotions.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2023Article
- Emotions behind a mask: the value of disgust.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Effect of mask coverage on face identification in Taiwanese men and women.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although putting on a mask over our nose and mouth is a simple but powerful way to protect ourselves and others during a pandemic, face masks may interfere with how we perceive and recognize one another, and hence, may have far-reaching impacts on communication and social interactions. To date, it remains relatively unknown the extent to which wearing a face mask that conceals the bottom part of the face affects the extraction of different facial information. To address this question, we compared young adults' performance between masked and unmasked faces in four different tasks: (1) emotion recognition task, (2) famous face recognition and naming test, (3) age estimation task, and (4) gender classification task. Results revealed that the presence of face mask has a negative impact on famous face recognition and emotion recognition, but to a smaller extent on age estimation and gender classification tasks. More interestingly, we observed a female advantage in the famous face recognition and emotion recognition tasks and a female own-gender bias in gender categorisation and age estimation tasks. Overall, these findings allude to the lack of malleability of the adulthood face recognition and perceptual systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.