ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2022
Gestational diabetes mellitus, prenatal maternal depression, and risk for postpartum depression: an Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression and antidepressant use in pregnancy and adverse maternal and offspring outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Pregnancy with multiple high-risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Association between first-trimester serum 25(OH)D and EPDS-positive postpartum depressive symptoms in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Gestational PFAS concentrations in association with maternal depression and perceived stress during pregnancy and postpartum in the ECHO cohort.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Investigating the dynamic relations between maternal sleep and depression across pregnancy.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Prenatal Glucose Intolerance and Child Neurodevelopmental Disorders.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- Negative impact of maternal depressive symptoms on infancy neurodevelopment: a moderated mediation effect of maternal inflammation.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- The association between gestational selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment and newborn thyroid screen: a large-scale cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels at different trimesters and new-onset depressive symptom in the third trimester among pregnant women: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Gestational diabetes mellitus and peripartum depression: a longitudinal study of a bidirectional relationship.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- 'It's so heavy on my mind': The lived experience of diabetes in pregnancy and postpartum mother and infant lifestyle.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Investigating the relationship between hepatitis B virus infection and postpartum depression in Chinese women: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Increased risk of postpartum depression in women with lactational mastitis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 18 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior research has demonstrated bidirectional associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and perinatal maternal depression. However, the association between GDM, prenatal depression, and postpartum depression (PPD) has not been examined in a prospective cohort longitudinally.
methodsParticipants in the current analysis included 5,822 women from the National Institutes of Health's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Research Program: N = 4,606 with Neither GDM nor Prenatal Maternal Depression (Reference Category); N = 416 with GDM only; N = 689 with Prenatal Maternal Depression only; and N = 111 with Comorbid GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression. The PROMIS-D scale was used to measure prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms. Primary analyses consisted of linear regression models to estimate the independent and joint effects of GDM and prenatal maternal depression on maternal postpartum depressive symptoms.
resultsA higher proportion of women with GDM were classified as having prenatal depression (N = 111; 21%) compared to the proportion of women without GDM who were classified as having prenatal depression (N = 689; 13%), however this finding was not significant after adjustment for covariates. Women with Comorbid GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression had significantly increased postpartum depressive symptoms measured by PROMIS-D T-scores compared to women with Neither GDM nor Prenatal Maternal Depression (mean difference 7.02, 95% CI 5.00, 9.05). Comorbid GDM and Prenatal Maternal Depression was associated with an increased likelihood of PPD (OR 7.38, 95% CI 4.05, 12.94). However, women with GDM only did not have increased postpartum PROMIS-D T-scores or increased rates of PPD.
conclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of universal depression screening during pregnancy and in the first postpartum year. Due to the joint association of GDM and prenatal maternal depression on risk of PPD, future studies should examine potential mechanisms underlying this relation.
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