ArticleBMC geriatrics2022
Groningen Frailty Indicator-Chinese (GFI-C) for pre-frailty and frailty assessment among older people living in communities: psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of exercise interventions on inflammatory biomarker levels in older adults with frailty and/or sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Exercise interventions and serum IGF-1 levels in older adults with frailty and/or sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Measurement Properties of Chinese-Language Frailty Assessment Instruments for Older Adults: A Systematic Review Following COSMIN Guidelines.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingPooled it
- Caregiving experiences of older spouses with frailty: an exploratory qualitative study.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026Article
- Oral frailty and its influencing factors in elderly patients with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- The effects of resistance training on myostatin in older adults with frailty and/or sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta analysis.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Role of frailty in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery in a secondary and a tertiary care center: a prospective observational two-cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Perceived neighborhood built environment and its associations with sociodemographic characteristics among older adults in regional China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Exploring the core symptoms and influencing factors of fatigue-related symptom clusters in patients with HIV/AIDS.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The association of physical activity with perceived fatigability among community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in regional China.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a risk identification model for frailty in stroke survivors: new evidence from CHARLS.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Scaling up frailty: psychometric validation of the functional limitations and geriatric syndromes frailty questionnaire-a new tool for uniformly classifying vulnerable hospital patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Development of a psychological frailty index: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Frailty: a global health challenge in need of local action.BMJ global health · 2024Review
- Article
- Scale-based screening and assessment of age-related frailty.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Sensitivity and specificity of conventional and new face validation in determining the incomprehensible items by older people: Empirical evidence of testing 106 quality-of-life items.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2023Article
- Measuring depression in Primary Health Care in Spain: Psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy of HSCL-5 and HSCL-10.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe early identification of pre-frailty and frailty among older people is a global priority because of the increasing incidence of frailty and associated adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to validate the Groningen Frailty Indicator-Chinese (GFI-C), a widely used screening instrument, and determine the optimal cut-off value in Chinese communities to facilitate pre-frailty and frailty screening.
methodsThis methodological study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design to examine the psychometric properties of GFI-C, namely, internal consistency, stability, and concurrent and construct validities. The appropriate cut-off values for pre-frailty and frailty screening in the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were determined through sensitivity and specificity analysis.
resultsA total of 350 community older people had been assessed and interviewed by a nurse. The GFI-C showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.87) and two-week test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.87). Concurrent validity (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) showed a moderate correlation with Fried's frailty phenotype. The known-groups method, hypothesis testing and confirmatory factory analysis (three-factor model; χ
conclusionsThe result indicated that GFI-C is a reliable and valid instrument for pre-frailty and frailty screening among older Chinese people in communities. For optimal diagnostic accuracy, the cut-off values of 3 for frailty and 2 for pre-frailty are recommended.
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