ArticleScientific reports2022
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated to alterations in eye movements.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of SNr GABA neurons drives liver-brain-eye axis dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Role of artificial intelligence-based ocular biomarkers in hepatobiliary diseases: A scoping review.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Saccadic eye movements in neurological disease: cognitive mechanisms and clinical applications.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Blood ammonia and eye-hand coordination negatively affect health-related quality of life in women with minimal hepatic encephalopathy.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Insights into the liver-eyes connections, from epidemiological, mechanical studies to clinical translation.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is diagnosed using PHES battery, but other tests are more sensitive, and a simple tool for early MHE detection is required. Assessment of saccadic eye movements is useful for early detection of cognitive alterations in different pathologies. We characterized the alterations in saccadic eye movements in MHE patients, its relationship with cognitive alterations and its utility for MHE diagnosis. One-hundred and eighteen cirrhotic patients (86 without and 32 with MHE) and 35 controls performed PHES and Stroop test and an eye movements test battery by OSCANN system: visual saccades, antisaccades, memory-guided saccades, fixation test and smooth pursuit. We analyzed 177 parameters of eye movements, assessed their diagnostic capacity for MHE, and correlated with cognitive alterations. MHE patients showed alterations in 56 of the 177 variables of eye movements compared to NMHE patients. MHE patients showed longer latencies and worse performance in most eye movements tests, which correlated with mental processing speed and attention impairments. The best correlations found were for antisaccades and memory-guided saccades, and some parameters in these tests could be useful for discriminating MHE and NMHE patients. Eye movements analysis could be a new, rapid, reliable, objective, and reproducible tool for early diagnose MHE.
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