ArticleBMJ open2022
Processed foods purchase profiles in urban India in 2013 and 2016: a cluster and multivariate analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- South Asia-specific adaptation of Mediterranean diet principles: a mixed-methods review for practical and sustainable dietary habits.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- FADIS: Fast-food attributed diabetes index study: An ecological State-level exploration of nutritional transitions and diabetes burden in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Taxation of foods high in fat, sugar, and sodium in India: A modelling study of health and economic impacts.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Perceived influences of fruit and vegetable consumption among Indian adolescents - A qualitative inquiry.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Mapping ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in India: a formative research study.BMC public health · 2024Review
- Development of an Indian Food Composition Database.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesSales of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) and beverages are rising in low-income and middle-income countries. Such foods are often linked with weight gain, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension-diseases that are on the rise in India. This paper analysed patterns in purchases of processed and UPF by urban Indian households.
settingPanel data from Kantar -Worldpanel Division, India for 2013 and 2016.
participants58 878 urban Indian households.
methodsWe used K-mean partition clustering and multivariate regression to analyse patterns in processed food (PF) and UPF purchase for urban India.
resultsThree-quarters of urban Indian households purchased over ten PF groups. Mean per person annual PF purchase was 150 kg. UPF purchase was low at 6.4 kg in 2016 but had grown by 6% since 2013. Cluster analysis identified three patterns of consumption, characterised by low (54% of the households in 2016), medium (36%) and high (10%) PF purchase quantities. High cluster households purchased over three times as much PFs and UPF as the low cluster households. Notably, salt purchases were persistently high across clusters in both years (>3.3 kg), while sweet snack and ready-to-eat food purchases grew consistently in all clusters between 2013 and 2016. A positive and significant association was found between household purchases of UPF and their socioeconomic status as well as ownership of durables, such as refrigerator, colour television and washing machine (all p<0.001). Spatial characteristics including size of town (p<0.05) in which the household is located were also positively associated with the purchase of UPF.
conclusionResults suggest the need for tailored regional and city level interventions to curb the low but growing purchase of UPF. New data on obesity and rise of non-communicable diseases, the results are concerning given the links between lifestyle changes and the speed of urbanisation in Indian cities.
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