ArticlePediatric pulmonology2023
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) levels predict adverse respiratory outcomes in premature neonates.
Article in Pediatric pulmonology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) in Paediatric Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Pooled it
- Common Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Narrative Review of an Intriguing Interplay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Quantitative proteomics links mitochondrial dysfunction to metabolic changes and epithelial differentiation defects in hyperoxia-exposed neonatal airway cells.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- p53 maintains lineage fidelity during lung capillary injury-repair in neonatal hyperoxia.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Association of macrophage migration-inhibitory factor gene and growth differentiation factor 15 gene polymorphisms and their circulating levels with respiratory distress syndrome among preterm neonates.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial health, prenatal distress, and gestational age: investigation of cf-mtDNA and GDF15 in two pregnancy studies from the USA and Turkey.Mitochondrion · 2025Article
- Serum IL-27 and GDF15 levels in second trimester are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2025Article
- Serum Biomarkers in Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Current approaches to predicting intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates using blood biomarkers.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Epigenetic scores derived in saliva are associated with gestational age at birth.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Endothelial deletion ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- GDF15 as a key disease target and biomarker: linking chronic lung diseases and ageing.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Comprehensive Role of GDF15 in Inhibiting Adipogenesis and Hyperlipidemia, Enhancing Cardiovascular Health and Alleviating Inflammation in Metabolic Disorders.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- Plasma proteomic profiles predict individual future health risk.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Neuropathological hallmarks in autopsied cases with mitochondrial diseases caused by the mitochondrial 3243A>G mutation.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Loss of growth differentiation factor 15 exacerbates lung injury in neonatal mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-responsive cytokine, and its expression increases during inflammation, hyperoxia, and senescence. Significantly, GDF15 is secreted by the placenta, and maternal levels increase throughout pregnancy. Serum GDF15 level is a promising biomarker for many lung diseases like pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis. However, circulating GDF15 levels in preterm infants and their role as a predictor of respiratory outcomes have not been studied. We hypothesized that GDF15 levels would increase with gestational age at birth, and that postnatal GDF15 will be correlated with adverse respiratory outcomes in preterm infants. Scavenged blood samples were retrieved from 57 preterm infants at five time points, from birth until 36-weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). GDF15 levels were measured using ELISA in 114 samples. We performed two-sample t-test, correlation and linear regression, logistic regression, and mixed-effects linear models for statistical analysis, and significance was identified when p < 0.05. Contrary to our hypothesis, for every 1-week increase in gestational age at birth, the predicted GDF15 level decreased by 475.0 pg/ml (p < 0.001). Greater PMA was significantly associated with lower serum GDF15 levels (p < 0.001). Interestingly, higher GDF15 levels were associated with a longer need for mechanical ventilation (p = 0.034), prolonged respiratory support need (p < 0.001), and length of hospital stay (p = 0.006). In conclusion, in preterm infants, GDF15 levels show an inverse correlation with gestational age at birth, with higher levels in more preterm babies, and levels trend down postnatally. Furthermore, longitudinal GDF15 levels through 36 weeks PMA predict adverse respiratory outcomes in preterm infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.