EasyDAM_V2: Efficient Data Labeling Method for Multishape, Cross-Species Fruit Detection.

In modern smart orchards, fruit detection models based on deep learning require expensive dataset labeling work to support the construction of detection models, resulting in high model application costs. Our previous work combined generative adversarial networks (GANs) and pseudolabeling methods to transfer labels from one specie to another to save labeling costs. However, only the color and texture features of images can be migrated, which still needs improvement in the accuracy of the data labeling. Therefore, this study proposes an EasyDAM_V2 model as an improved data labeling method for multishape and cross-species fruit detection. First, an image translation network named the Across-CycleGAN is proposed to generate fruit images from the source domain (fruit image with labels) to the target domain (fruit image without labels) even with partial shape differences. Then, a pseudolabel adaptive threshold selection strategy was designed to adjust the confidence threshold of the fruit detection model adaptively and dynamically update the pseudolabel to generate labels for images from the unlabeled target domain. In this paper, we use a labeled orange dataset as the source domain, and a pitaya, a mango dataset as the target domain, to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results showed that the average labeling precision values of the pitaya and mango datasets were 82.1% and 85.0%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed EasyDAM_V2 model is proven to be used for label transfer of cross-species fruit even with partial shape differences to reduce the cost of data labeling.