ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2022
The relationship between processed meat, red meat, and risk of types of cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review of Mendelian randomization studies on common male-specific diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Mediating Role of Plasma Inflammatory Proteins in Gut Microbiota-Driven Valvular Heart Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Common questions and misconceptions about protein supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Review
- Mendelian randomization study to assess causality between diet and phenotype of aging.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Gastric Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Red Meat Consumption and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Analysis of Global Data.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Causal associations of hyperthyroidism with prostate cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Observational studies have suggested processed and red meat may increase the risk of cancer. However, the causal effects and direction between them were still unclear. We conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal effect of processed meat and red meat on the risk of nine common types of cancer, namely, lung, ovarian, endometrial, breast, kidney, gastric, prostate, skin, and oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for processed meat and red meat (pork, beef, and mutton) were obtained from the UK Biobank. GWAS of types of cancer in this study were extracted from the genetic consortia and the FinnGen consortium. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) was carried out as the main method for two-sample MR analysis. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the robustness of the results. Results: Genetically predicted processed meat intake was causally associated with increased risk of lung cancer (OR [odds ratio] = 1.923, 95% CI = 1.084-3.409, Conclusion: Our results suggested that intake of processed meat may increase the risk of lung cancer. These findings provided no evidence to support that consumption of processed and red meat has a large effect on the risk of other cancers we studied. Further research is needed to clarify the results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.