ArticleFrontiers in public health2022
Small area variation in severe, moderate, and mild anemia among women and children: A multilevel analysis of 707 districts in India.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Anemia in Reproductive-age Females (15-49 Years) from Indian Indigenous Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2026Review
- Why HbA1c remains the pragmatic choice for monitoring in India's public health system.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Prevalence of housing structure and quality indicators in India: An assessment of changes across 720 districts between 2016 and 2021.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Burden and Projections of Anemia Among Children and Women of Reproductive Age: A Systematic Analysis for the GBD Study 2021.Journal of blood medicine · 2026Article
- Relationship between Fish Consumption and Undernutrition among Young Indian Children.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Geographic variation in women's empowerment: a multilevel analysis of India's National Family Health Survey 2021.Journal of global health · 2025Observational
- Trends in nulliparous singleton alive births by cesarean section in India: Empirical patterns across public and private hospitals for 720 districts, 2016-2021.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Early childhood caries and their association with serum iron, serum ferritin, serum albumin, and Vitamin D.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in child health outcomes in India: analyzing trends between 1993 and 2021.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Multilevel analysis of determinants in postnatal care utilisation among mother-newborn pairs in India, 2019-21.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Small Area Geographic Estimates of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in India.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Progress on Sustainable Development Goal indicators in 707 districts of India: a quantitative mid-line assessment using the National Family Health Surveys, 2016 and 2021.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Anemia among Antenatal Women: A Cross Sectional Study from North Western India.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
- A multi-centric study to estimate prevalence of anaemia in apparently healthy children between 6 and 59 months of age.Medical journal, Armed Forces IndiaArticle
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5 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
India is home to the highest global number of women and children suffering from anemia, with one in every two women impacted. India's current strategy for targeting areas with a high anemia burden is based on district-level averages, yet this fails to capture the substantial small area variation in micro-geographical (small area) units such as villages. We conducted statistical and econometric analyses to quantify the extent of small area variation in the three grades of anemia (severe, moderate, and mild) among women and children across 36 states/union territories and 707 districts of India. We utilized data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2019-21. The final analytic sample for analyses was 183,883 children aged 6-59 months and 690,153 women aged 15-49 years. The primary outcome variable for the analysis was the three anemia grades among women and children. We adopted a three-level and four-level logistic regression model to compute variance partitioning of anemia among women and children. We also computed precision-weighted prevalence estimates of women and childhood anemia across 707 districts and within-district, between-cluster variation using standard deviation (SD). For severe anemia among women, small area (villages or urban blocks) account for highest share (46.1%; Var: 0.494; SE: 0.150) in total variation followed by states (39.4%; Var: 0.422; SE: 0.134) and districts (12.8%; Var: 0.156; SE: 0.012). Similarly, clusters account for the highest share in the variation in severe (61.3%; Var: 0.899; SE: 0.069) and moderate (46.4%: Var: 0.398; SE: 0.011) anemia among children. For mild and moderate anemia among women, however, states were the highest source of variation. Additionally, we found a high and positive correlation between mean prevalence and inter-cluster SD of moderate and severe anemia among women and children. In contrast, the correlation was weaker for mild anemia among women (
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