ArticleNeurospine2022
Effect of Acute Physical Interventions on Pathophysiology and Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.
Article in Neurospine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06154122 (The Feasibility of Virtual Reality-Based Activities for Upper Limb Rehabilitation of People With Acute/Sub-Acute Tetraplegia), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Feasibility of Virtual Reality-Based Activities for Upper Limb Rehabilitation of People With Acute/Sub-Acute Tetraplegia
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- "White Cord Syndrome" as clinical manifestation of the spinal cord reperfusion syndrome: a systematic review of risk factors, treatments, and outcome.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of early mobilisation (< 14 days) on pathophysiological and functional outcomes in animals with induced spinal cord injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis.BMC neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Treadmill Training Improves Functional Recovery After Injection of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction in Rats With a Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of neuroscience research · 2026Article
- Long-term safety and clinical outcomes from a single-site phase 1 study of neural stem cell transplantation for chronic cervical spinal cord injury.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Evaluation of blood flow restriction combined with routine rehabilitation in incomplete thoracic and lumbar spinal cord injury after decompression: a retrospective study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Delivery of Nerve Growth Factor via Exosome Attenuates Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- The Soleus H-Reflex as a Biomarker of Post-Injury Spasticity in Spinal Cord Injury: A Conceptual Pilot Study.NeuroRehabilitation · 2025Article
- Timing of rehabilitation and pressure ulcers requiring treatment during acute hospitalization in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries.Spinal cord · 2025Article
- Reawakening inflammation in the chronically injured spinal cord using lipopolysaccharide induces diverse microglial states.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Innovative MXene/SilMA-Based Conductive Bioink for Three Dimensional Bioprinting of Neural Stem Cell Spheroids in Neural Tissue Engineering.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Enduring benefits of exercise after spinal cord injury: Insights from a case study.African journal of disability · 2025Article
- Mobilization in Neurocritical Care: Challenges and Opportunities.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Synergistic effects of curcumin and stem cells on spinal cord injury: a comprehensive review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Innovative Strategies in 3D Bioprinting for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Modulation of the LIMK Pathway by Myricetin: A Protective Strategy Against Neurological Impairments in Spinal Cord Injury.Neurospine · 2024Article
- A dynamic nomogram for predicting the probability of irreversible neurological dysfunction after cervical spinal cord injury: research based on clinical features and MRI data.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Physical rehabilitation is essential for enhancing recovery in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI); however, aside from early surgical intervention and hemodynamic management, there are no proven interventions for promoting recovery in the acute phase. In general, early rehabilitation is considered beneficial, but optimal parameters and potential contraindications for implementing rehabilitation at very early time points are unclear. Moreover, clinical trials to date are limited to studies initiating rehabilitation 2 weeks after injury and later. To address these gaps, this article reviews the preclinical literature on physical interventions initiated within the first 8 days postinjury. Effects of early rehabilitation on molecular and structural nervous system changes, behavioral function, and body systems are considered. Most studies utilized treadmill or cycle training as the primary intervention. Treadmill training initiated within the first 3 days and terminated by 1 week after injury worsened autonomic function, inflammation, and locomotor outcomes, while swim training during this period increased microvascular dysfunction. In contrast, lower-intensity rehabilitation such as reach training, ladder training, or voluntary wheel or ball training showed benefits when implemented during the first 3 days. Rehabilitation initiated at 4 days postinjury was also associated with enhanced motor recovery. Cycling appears to have the greatest risk-benefit ratio; however, the effects of cycle training in the first 3 days were not investigated. Overall, research suggests that lower intensity or voluntary rehabilitation during the hyperacute phase is more appropriate until at least 4 days postinjury, at which point higher-intensity activity becomes safer and more beneficial for recovery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.