ArticleHypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension2022
Associations among vitamin D, tobacco smoke, and hypertension: A cross-sectional study of the NHANES 2001-2016.
Article in Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of vitamin BBMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Adverse Impact of Smoking on Spine Fusion and Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Global spine journal · 2026Review
- Influence of Magnesium Status on the Association of Tobacco Exposure With Depression in Old Patients With Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study of the NHANES Database.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2026Article
- Assessment of smoking exposure by urine cotinine levels in severe COVID-19 patients: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Global, regional, and national disease burden of tobacco-related Alzheimer's disease among individuals over the age of 55: a global burden of disease study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association of Zinc Intake, Tobacco Smoke Exposure, With Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- The joint effect of vitamin-D status and tobacco exposure on overweight and obesity in children.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Vitamin D Status in the Adult Population of Romania-Results of the European Health Examination Survey.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Association of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with elevated blood pressure among college students in Yunnan Province, China.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- 2023 update and perspectives.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Review
- Associations of Serum Vitamin D Concentration with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Healthy Lifestyle Score.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Methods for downloading, appending and merging NHANES data.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Article
- Latest Knowledge on the Role of Vitamin D in Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Joint effect of overweight/obesity and tobacco exposure on hypertension in children aged 6-17 years: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- The roles of serum vitamin D and tobacco smoke exposure in insomnia: a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
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10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The interrelationships among vitamin D, tobacco smoking, and hypertension are currently unknown. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between vitamin D levels and hypertension and the effect of tobacco smoke exposure levels on this relationship among US adults. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of adult participants from the 2001-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was used as a biomarker of vitamin D status, and tobacco smoke exposure levels were objectively evaluated by serum cotinine levels. Among 22,875 eligible adults who were not receiving antihypertensive medications, the prevalence of hypertension, vitamin D deficiency (<50 mmol/L), and cotinine ≥3 ng/mL was 13.9%, 34.9%, and 29.4%, respectively. Serum cotinine and vitamin D levels were independently associated with hypertension risk after controlling for confounders (P < 0.05). When stratified by the cotinine group (<0.05, 0.05-3 and ≥3 ng/mL), we found that the risk of hypertension associated with vitamin D deficiency was higher among subjects with cotinine levels ≥3 ng/mL compared with the other strata [OR (95% CI) 1.30 (1.09, 1.54) vs. 1.53 (1.19, 1.96) vs. 1.64 (1.30, 2.06); P for heterogeneity test <0.05]. Furthermore, serum cotinine levels were negatively correlated with vitamin D levels. These findings suggested that the increased risk of hypertension could be partly attributed to low vitamin D levels induced by tobacco smoke exposure, in addition to the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and vitamin D deficiency themselves.
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