ArticleNature communications2022
Differential nuclear import sets the timing of protein access to the embryonic genome.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bound for the nucleus: defining the molecular principles of cargo selection by importin 9.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Regulation of zygotic genome activation by the nucleocytoplasmic ratio.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Local nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio regulates H3.3 incorporation via cell cycle state during zygotic genome activation.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Expanding Targeted Instrumentation for Discovery Applications: Complement Reporter Ion Quantification with a Quadrupole-Ion Trap Instrument.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Transitions in the proteome and phospho-proteome during Xenopus laevis development.Developmental biology · 2025Article
- The maternal-to-zygotic transition: reprogramming of the cytoplasm and nucleus.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Quantitative proteomics reveals the dynamic proteome landscape of zebrafish embryos during the maternal-to-zygotic transition.iScience · 2024Article
- Article
- Evidence for widespread cytoplasmic structuring into mesoscale condensates.Nature cell biology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms for controlling Dorsal nuclear levels.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Principles of genome activation in the early embryo.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2023Review
- Single-cell proteomics: quantifying post-transcriptional regulation during development with mass-spectrometry.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Article
- Dodecaploid Xenopus longipes provides insight into the emergence of size scaling relationships during development.Current biology : CB · 2023Article
- Super-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Enables Rapid, Accurate, and Highly Multiplexed Proteomics at the MS2 Level.Analytical chemistry · 2023Article
- High-throughput sequencing reveals hub genes for human early embryonic development arrestFrontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- The Nuclear-to-Cytoplasmic Ratio: Coupling DNA Content to Cell Size, Cell Cycle, and Biosynthetic Capacity.Annual review of genetics · 2022Review
- Effect of the First Feeding on Enterocytes of Newborn Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The development of a fertilized egg to an embryo requires the proper temporal control of gene expression. During cell differentiation, timing is often controlled via cascades of transcription factors (TFs). However, in early development, transcription is often inactive, and many TF levels stay constant, suggesting that alternative mechanisms govern the observed rapid and ordered onset of gene expression. Here, we find that in early embryonic development access of maternally deposited nuclear proteins to the genome is temporally ordered via importin affinities, thereby timing the expression of downstream targets. We quantify changes in the nuclear proteome during early development and find that nuclear proteins, such as TFs and RNA polymerases, enter the nucleus sequentially. Moreover, we find that the timing of nuclear proteins' access to the genome corresponds to the timing of downstream gene activation. We show that the affinity of proteins to importin is a major determinant in the timing of protein entry into embryonic nuclei. Thus, we propose a mechanism by which embryos encode the timing of gene expression in early development via biochemical affinities. This process could be critical for embryos to organize themselves before deploying the regulatory cascades that control cell identities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.