ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022
Bird species define the relationship between West Nile viremia and infectiousness to Culex pipiens mosquitoes.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vector Competence for West Nile Virus Lineage 1 and 2: Temperature Dependency in TemperateMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Susceptibility of wild and domestic songbirds to Usutu virus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- North American Culex pipiens mosquitoes are competent for Usutu virus transmission.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- Variation in pathogen load and the pathogen load-infectiousness relationship broaden avian malaria's distribution.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ecological drivers of arboviral disease risk: Vector-host interfaces in a Mediterranean wetland of Northeastern Spain.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Graph-based epidemic modeling of West Nile Virus: Forecasting and containment.F1000Research · 2025Article
- The emergence of NY10: insights into the 2012 West Nile Virus outbreak in the United States.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Origin and evolution of West Nile virus lineage 1 in Italy.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Landscape level associations between birds, mosquitoes and microclimates: possible consequences for disease transmission?Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The transmission cycle of West Nile virus (WNV) involves multiple species of birds. The relative importance of various bird species to the overall transmission is often inferred from the level and duration of viremia that they experience upon infection. Reports utilizing in vitro feeding techniques suggest that the source and condition of blood in which arboviruses are fed to mosquitoes can significantly alter the infectiousness of arbovirus to mosquitoes. We confirmed this using live hosts. A series of mosquito feedings with Culex pipiens was conducted on WNV-infected American robins and common grackles over a range of viremias. Mosquitoes were assayed individually by plaque assay for WNV at 3 to 7 days after feeding. At equivalent viremia, robins always infected more mosquitoes than did grackles. We conclude that the infectiousness of viremic birds cannot always be deduced from viremia alone. If information concerning the infectiousness of a particular bird species is important, such information is best acquired by feeding mosquitoes directly on experimentally infected individuals of that species.
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