ArticlePloS one2022
Freezing stress affects the efficacy of clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D plus MCPA on wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) and turnipweed [Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.] in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nitric oxide reduces freezing stress damage on leaf pigments, photosynthetic apparatus, and chlorophyll fluorescence of broad bean (Vicia faba L.).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prolonged exposure to freezing stress reduces the ability of chickpea seedlings to effectively tolerate extremely low temperatures.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
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5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
The occurrence of freezing stress around herbicides application is one of the most important factors influencing their performance. This experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D plus MCPA (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), the most important herbicides used in wheat fields in Iran, under the influence of a freezing treatment (-4°C). Wheat and its two common weeds, winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) and turnipweed [Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.], were exposed to the freezing treatment for three nights from 7:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M. before and after herbicide application, and their response was compared with plants that did not grow under freezing stress. Under no freezing (NF) and freezing after spray (FAS) conditions, winter wild oat was completely controlled with the recommended dose of clodinafop-propargyl (64 g ai ha-1; hereafter g ha-1). However, the survival percentage of winter wild oat in the freezing before spray (FBS) of clodinafop-propargyl 64 g ha-1 was 7%, and it was completely controlled with twice the recommended dose (128 g ha-1). Under NF conditions and FAS treatment, turnipweed was completely controlled with twice the recommended dose of 2,4-D plus MCPA (2025 g ae ha-1; hereafter g ha-1), while there was no complete control under recommended rate. However, in the FBS treatment, the survival of turnipweed was 7% under double dose. The LD50 (dose required to control 50% of individuals in the population) and GR50 (dose causing 50% growth reduction of plants) rankings were NF<FBS<FAS for clodinafop-propargyl and NF<FAS<FBS for 2,4-D plus MCPA. Selectivity index for clodinafop-propargyl in NF conditions, FBS, and FAS treatments was 2.4, 0.91, and 0.78, respectively, and, for 2,4-D plus MCPA, it was 2.6, 0.12, and 0.88, respectively. According to the results of LD50, it can be stated that the freezing stress after the spraying of clodinafop-propargyl and before the spraying of 2,4-D plus MCPA would further reduce the efficacy of these herbicides.
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