ArticlePloS one2022
Maximum acceptable communication delay for the realization of telesurgery.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Remote robotic urological surgery with the Toumai® System across 25-7,000 km: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of technical success and reported safety.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on Haptic Feedback in Medical Robotics: Technologies, Applications, Clinical Translation, and an Information-Oriented Perspective.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical practice guidelines for telesurgery, 2nd Edition : Committee for the Promotion of Remote Surgery Implementation, Japan Surgical Society.Surgery today · 2026Guideline
- Expert Consensus-Based Technical Guidelines for Remote Robotic-Assisted Surgery and Procedures.World journal of surgery · 2025Guideline
- Clinical practice guidelines for telesurgery 2022 : Committee for the promotion of remote surgery implementation, Japan Surgical Society.Surgery today · 2024Guideline
- Tele-Robotic Surgery for Combat Casualty Care: Proof of Feasibility.Annals of surgery · 2026Article
- Global research landscape, knowledge structure, and emerging frontiers of urological robotic telesurgery: a bibliometric and knowledge-mapping analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Review
- Applications of Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Surgical Robotics: A Systematic Review.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Design and Evaluation of a Teleoperated Robotic System for ERCP Cannulation.The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS · 2026Article
- Urological telesurgery after the first randomised trial: a scoping review and public implementation visibility audit.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- System-level evaluation of 5G standalone communication infrastructure for robotic telesurgery.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2026Article
- The need for a dedicated surgical consent framework for robotic telesurgery: a global call to action.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- "5G wireless + wired network"-based multi-console robotic telesurgery: adaptability to complex surgical procedures and diverse network infrastructures-a case report.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Haptic Feedback Reduces Telesurgery Operators' Reaction Times Compared to Conventional Stimulation: Results of a First-in-Human Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Surgery for interplanetary space missions.The British journal of surgery · 2026Review
- 5G‑enabled XR live broadcasting of transoral robotic surgery (TORS): a feasibility study of an indoor small‑cell architecture.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Quantifying the effects of delays on telerobotic surgical operability via brain activity measurements.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025Article
- Toward safe clinical deployment of remote robotic surgery in Japan: five-year validation of the hinotori™ system using 5G wireless communication.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Data-Centric Learning Framework for Real-Time Detection of Aiming Beam in Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Guided Surgery.IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2025Article
- Impact of laparoscopic training, haptic feedback and visual haptic latency on virtual fine motor performance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo determine acceptable limits of communication delays in telesurgery, we investigated the impact of communication delays under a dynamic environment using a surgical assist robot. Previous studies have evaluated acceptable delays under static environments. Effects of delays may be enhanced in dynamic environments, but studies have not yet focused on this point.
methodsThirty-four subjects with different surgical experience (Group1: no surgical experience; Group2: only laparoscopic surgical experience; Group3: robotic surgery experience) performed 4 tasks under different delays (0, 70, 100, 150, 200, or 300 ms) using a surgical assist robot. Task accomplishment time and total movement distance of forceps were recorded and compared under different communication delays of 0-300 ms. In addition, surgical performance was compared between Group1or Group2 without delay and Group3 with communication delays.
resultsSignificant differences in task accomplishment time were found between delays of 0 and 70 ms, but not between delays of 70 and 100 ms. Thereafter, the greater the communication delay, the longer the task accomplishment time. Similar results were obtained in total movement distance of forceps. Comparisons between Group3 with delay and Group1 or Group2 without delay demonstrated that surgical performance in Group3 with delay was superior or equal to that of Group1 or Group2 without delay as long as the delay was 100 ms or less.
conclusionsCommunication delays in telesurgery may be acceptable if 100 ms or less. Experienced surgeons with more than 100 ms of delay could outperform less-experienced surgeons without delay.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.