ReviewBJPsych open2022
Patients' and staff members' experiences of restrictive practices in acute mental health in-patient settings: systematic review and thematic synthesis.
Review in BJPsych open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Variations in definitions used for describing restrictive care practices (seclusion and restraint) in adult mental health inpatient units: a systematic review and content analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring comorbidity patterns of psychosis-related post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in stabilised hospitalised schizophrenia patients and relationships with sleep quality and quality of life: a latent profile analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Providing Psychologically Safe Care in Inpatient Mental Healthcare. A Theoretical Domains Framework-Informed Qualitative Study.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Human rights-based mental healthcare: new developments, introducing a themed series of papers.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Experiences of restrictive practices in child and adolescent mental health inpatient care: an integrative review.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Review
- From early intervention in psychosis to intensive care: correlates of restrictive psychiatric practice in a national retrospective cohort study.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Article
- A longitudinal analysis of the prevalence of restrictive interventions involving women with mental health conditions, learning disabilities or autism in mental health services in England.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Generational differences in mental health and drivers of youth mental health decline in Australia and the United Kingdom.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Patient journey mapping in an open-door psychiatric inpatient unit.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Moral disengagement in psychiatric inpatient care for individuals who engage in self-injury: a conceptual framework for understanding staff responses and patient experiences.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Diverging views between clinicians, service users, family caregivers and researchers on the classification of restrictive practices in mental health services.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring How the Psychological Safety of Patients Is Impacted by Restrictive Practices in Inpatient Mental Healthcare: A Qualitative Study.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Carers' Perceptions of Seclusion and Restraints in Mental Healthcare: An Integrative Literature Review.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Review
- 'You've Made These Choices…These Are the Consequences'. General Nurses' Perspectives on Caring for Young People With Eating Disorders: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Restraint reduction during psychiatric intensive care: a controlled bi-phasic time series evaluation of a culture change intervention.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Team Collaboration Experiences of Nurses and Physicians Working in Inpatient Psychiatry Units Related to Physical Restraint Practices: A Qualitative Study.Florence Nightingale journal of nursing · 2025Article
- Alternative approaches to standard inpatient mental health care: development of a typology of service models.International journal of mental health systems · 2025Article
- Perceived determinants of the use of coercion in inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry: a qualitative interview study with staff.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Moral distress among inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry staff: a mixed-methods study of experiences and associated factors.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Review article: Scoping review of interventions that reduce mechanical restraint in the emergency department.Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent guidance has called for the reduction of restrictive practice use owing to growing concerns over the harmful physical and psychological effects for both patients and staff. Despite concerns and efforts, these measures continue to be used regularly to manage challenging behaviour in psychiatric in-patient settings.
aimsTo undertake a systematic review of patients' and staff members' experiences of restrictive practices in acute psychiatric in-patient settings.
methodA systematic review and thematic synthesis was conducted using data from 21 qualitative papers identified from a systematic search across three electronic databases (PsycInfo, Embase and MEDLINE) and citation searching. The protocol for the review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020176859). The quality of included papers was examined using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP).
resultsFour overarching themes emerged from the experiences of patients: the psychological effects, staff communication, loss of human rights and making changes. Likewise, the analysis of staff data produced four themes: the need for restrictive practices, the psychological impact, decision-making and making changes. Patient and staff experiences of restrictive practices were overwhelmingly negative, and their use carried harmful physical and psychological consequences. Lack of support following restraint events was a problem for both groups.
conclusionsFuture programmes seeking to improve or reduce restrictive practices should consider the provision of staff training covering behaviour management and de-escalation techniques, offering psychological support to both patients and staff, the importance of effective staff-patient communication and the availability of alternatives.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.