ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2022
Progress in xenotransplantation: overcoming immune barriers.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- System-level Barriers Reducing Access to Transplantation: Results of a Global Survey.Transplantation direct · 2026Article
- Review
- Genetically engineered porcine liver: a new era in transplantation.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Bibliometric analysis of liver xenotransplantation (2005-2025): trends, challenges and future directions.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
- Application strategies of autologous and decellularized nerve grafts: Structural and functional recovery.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Exploring primate immune responses to SLA-I/II knockdown pig xenografts in humanized mice and rhesus monkeys.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Breaking the immune barrier: construction of cartilaginous organoids using alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pig cartilage-derived particles.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Liver Xenotransplantation: From Early Primate Trials to the First-in-Human Porcine Bridging Therapies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Transgenic expression of human CD47 on pig cells provides only partial protection against human macrophage-mediated destruction in human immune system mice.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Article
- Hemodynamics-driven magnetoelastic vascular grafts for stenosis diagnosis.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Neu5Gc and beyond: sialylation at the innate immune and thromboinflammatory interface of xenotransplantation.Frontiers in transplantation · 2026Review
- Complement system in kidney transplantation: from innate immune surveillance to a therapeutic and genetic engineering target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ozone protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury: molecular mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- T cell-mediated immune responses in xenotransplantation: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Preparation and characterization of decellularized bovine bone as a bioscaffold for bone tissue engineering applications.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- Coordinated circulating and tissue-based T cell responses precede xenograft rejection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Xenotransplantation: Current Understanding of the Mechanism of Immune-Mediated Injury.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Review
- Development of Thymic Organoids Heterotopically to Educate and Induce T Lymphocytes.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A major limitation of organ allotransplantation is the insufficient supply of donor organs. Consequently, thousands of patients die every year while waiting for a transplant. Progress in xenotransplantation that has permitted pig organ graft survivals of years in non-human primates has led to renewed excitement about the potential of this approach to alleviate the organ shortage. In 2022, the first pig-to-human heart transplant was performed on a compassionate use basis, and xenotransplantation experiments using pig kidneys in deceased human recipients provided encouraging data. Many advances in xenotransplantation have resulted from improvements in the ability to genetically modify pigs using CRISPR-Cas9 and other methodologies. Gene editing has the capacity to generate pig organs that more closely resemble those of humans and are hence more physiologically compatible and less prone to rejection. Despite such modifications, immune responses to xenografts remain powerful and multi-faceted, involving innate immune components that do not attack allografts. Thus, the induction of innate and adaptive immune tolerance to prevent rejection while preserving the capacity of the immune system to protect the recipient and the graft from infection is desirable to enable clinical xenotransplantation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.