ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2022
Immune-checkpoint inhibitor use in patients with cancer and pre-existing autoimmune diseases.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of immune checkpoint inhibitors in endometrial cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with autoimmune disease: Safety and efficacy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Musculoskeletal immune-related adverse events of PD-(L)1 inhibitors in melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunotherapy · 2024Pooled it
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer: translational mechanisms, dynamic biomarkers, clinically actionable combination strategies, and comparative checkpoint biology.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Review
- Severe autoimmunity after checkpoint inhibitor therapy in a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma after frontline brentuximab vedotin.Blood cancer journal · 2026Article
- Immunological Drug-Drug Interactions in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Artificial Intelligence.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease pathogenesis: its implications for therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Tissue resident memory T cells populate the human uveal tract.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pulmonary toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint molecules beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4: emerging targets in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Immune-Mediated Colitis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Pathophysiology, Clinical Management, and the Emerging Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Frequent genetic alterations in myositis autoantigen genes in cancer-associated dermatomyositis.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- The management of rheumatic immune related adverse events.Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- A Perplexing Plexopathy After Pembrolizumab Therapy in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Global Research Landscape in T Cells and Myasthenia Gravis: Trends, Collaborations, and Future Directions.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Type I error control and interim monitoring for co-primary hypotheses involving a subgroup in the Outpatient Treatment with Anti-Coronavirus Immunoglobulin (OTAC) trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated diabetic ketoacidosis induced by cadonilimab: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically changed the management of advanced cancers. Designed to enhance the antitumour immune response, they can also cause off-target immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are sometimes severe. Although the efficacy of ICIs suggests that they could have wide-ranging benefits, clinical trials of the drugs have so far excluded patients with pre-existing autoimmune disease. However, evidence is accumulating with regard to the use of ICIs in this 'at-risk' population, with retrospective data suggesting that they have an acceptable safety profile, but that there is a risk of disease flare or other irAE occurrence. The management of immunosuppressive drugs at ICI initiation in patients with autoimmune disease (or later in instances of disease flare or irAE) remains a question of particular interest in clinical practice, in which there is always a search for the balance between protecting against autoimmunity and ensuring a good tumour response. Although temporary use of immunosuppressants seems safe, prolonged use or use at ICI initiation might hamper the antitumour immune response, prompting clinicians to use the minimal efficient immunosuppressive regimen. However, a new paradigm is emerging, in which inhibitors of TNF or IL-6 could have synergistic effects with ICIs on tumour response, while also preventing severe irAEs. If confirmed, this 'decoupling' effect on toxicity and efficacy could change therapeutic practice in this field. Knowledge of the current use of ICIs in patients with pre-existing autoimmune disease, particularly with regard to the use of immunosuppressive drugs and/or biologic DMARDs, can help to guide clinical practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.