ReviewNature communications2022
3D-printed microrobots from design to translation.
Review in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structural Evolution of Biomedical Microrobots: From Rigid to Soft to Rigid-Soft Integrated Systems.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Magnetic Milligripper Platform for Biomedical and Biological Applications.Micromachines · 2026Article
- The Application of Micro/Nanorobots in Cancer Therapy.Micromachines · 2026Review
- Review of Progress of AI in Biomimetics: From Biological Patterns to Closed-Loop Discovery.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- How microrobots should be translated: A clinical and value-centered readiness framework.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Translational Application of Biomedical Microrobots in Female Reproductive System.ACS nano medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Wearable Sensors Fabricated by 3D-Printed Composite Hydrogel with 2D Fillers.Small methods · 2026Review
- A flexible automated magnetic microrobot assembly system.Journal of micro-bio robotics · 2026Article
- Theranostic Applications of Microrobots: Integrating Diagnostics and Precision Drug Delivery.Current drug discovery technologies · 2026Review
- Autonomous Microrobots for Spatiotemporally Active Therapeutic Delivery and Controlled Release.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Microrobots in food science and technology.Nature food · 2025Review
- TriMag Microrobots: 3D-Printed Microrobots for Magnetic Actuation, Imaging, and Hyperthermia.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Miniaturization of Ocean Sensors Based on Optofluidic Technology: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Additive Manufacturing for Nanogenerators: Fundamental Mechanisms, Recent Advancements, and Future Prospects.Nano-micro letters · 2025Review
- High-gravitational effect on process stabilization evaluation for material extrusion using polylactic acid filament.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Autonomous devices for drug delivery.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Micro- and Nano-Bots for Infection Control.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Localized Microrobotic Delivery of Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogel-Immobilized Therapeutics to Suppress Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Metareview: a survey of active matter reviews.The European physical journal. E, Soft matter · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features to accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites in the human body. Microrobots can be precisely actuated and maneuvered individually or in a swarm for cargo delivery, sampling, surgery, and imaging applications. In addition, microrobots have found applications in the environmental sector (e.g., water treatment). Besides, recent advancements of three-dimensional (3D) printers have enabled the high-resolution fabrication of microrobots with a faster design-production turnaround time for users with limited micromanufacturing skills. Here, the latest end applications of 3D printed microrobots are reviewed (ranging from environmental to biomedical applications) along with a brief discussion over the feasible actuation methods (e.g., on- and off-board), and practical 3D printing technologies for microrobot fabrication. In addition, as a future perspective, we discussed the potential advantages of integration of microrobots with smart materials, and conceivable benefits of implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), as well as physical intelligence (PI). Moreover, in order to facilitate bench-to-bedside translation of microrobots, current challenges impeding clinical translation of microrobots are elaborated, including entry obstacles (e.g., immune system attacks) and cumbersome standard test procedures to ensure biocompatibility.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.