ArticleCell2022
Virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariants, including BA.4 and BA.5.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 175 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
175citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of sotrovimab on omicron BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants of sars-cov-2 vs. other early therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature data.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Viral syncytia evolve to resist interferon.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.86 and JN.1 expand tropism in human proximal intestinal epithelium.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Epistasis and background dependence in the evolution of Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- A bireporter recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 forbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evolution and viral properties of the SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2 subvariant.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- A tale of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in Mali: Variants introductions and transmission dynamics.PloS one · 2026Article
- A non-spike nucleocapsid R204P mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XEC enhances inflammation and pathogenicity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- LL-37 Inhibits TMPRSS2-Mediated S2' Site Cleavage and SARS-CoV-2 Infection but Not Omicron Variants.Cell proliferation · 2025Article
- Epistasis and background dependence in the evolution of Omicron variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Development of broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants from existing neutralizing antibodies in clinical trials.Virology journal · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Evolution in Humans Enables Its Transmission to Nonhuman Primates.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Combining antigenic data from public sources gives an early indication of the immune escape of emerging virus variants.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evolution of BA.2.86 to JN.1 reveals that functional changes in non-structural viral proteins are required for fitness of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Bivalent mRNA vaccine booster enhances immunity against XBB.1.5 more effectively than breakthrough infection in K18-hACE2 mice.iScience · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry: implications for biomedical strategies.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Surveillance of Twitter Data on COVID-19 Symptoms During the Omicron Variant Period: A Sentiment Analysis.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Impact of Population Immunity and Public Health Measures on the Transmission of Omicron Subvariants BA.2 and BA.5 in Hong Kong.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
45 authors.
Izumi KimuraDivision of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Daichi YamasobaDivision of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
Tomokazu TamuraDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Naganori NaoDivision of International Research Promotion, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Tateki SuzukiLaboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Yoshitaka OdaDepartment of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Shuya MitomaDepartment of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
Jumpei ItoDivision of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Hesham NasserDivision of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Jiri ZahradnikDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Keiya UriuDivision of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Shigeru FujitaDivision of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Yusuke KosugiDivision of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Lei WangDepartment of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Masumi TsudaDepartment of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Mai KishimotoDivision of Molecular Pathobiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Hayato ItoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Rigel SuzukiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Ryo ShimizuDivision of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Mst Monira BegumDivision of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Kumiko YoshimatsuInstitute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Kanako Terakado KimuraLaboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Jiei SasakiLaboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Kaori Sasaki-TabataDepartment of Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Yuki YamamotoHiLung Inc., Kyoto, Japan.
Tetsuharu NagamotoHiLung Inc., Kyoto, Japan.
Jun KanamuneHiLung Inc., Kyoto, Japan.
Kouji KobiyamaDivision of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroyuki AsakuraTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
Mami NagashimaTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
Kenji SadamasuTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
Kazuhisa YoshimuraTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
Kotaro ShirakawaDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Akifumi Takaori-KondoDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Jin KuramochiInterpark Kuramochi Clinic, Utsunomiya, Japan; Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Gideon SchreiberDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Ken J IshiiDivision of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium
Takao HashiguchiLaboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: hashiguchi.takao.1a@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Terumasa IkedaDivision of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. Electronic address: ikedat@kumamoto-u.ac.jp.
Akatsuki SaitoDepartment of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan. Electronic address: sakatsuki@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.
Takasuke FukuharaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address: fukut@pop.med.hokudai.ac.jp.
Shinya TanakaDepartment of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address: tanaka@med.hokudai.ac.jp.
Keita MatsunoOne Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Risk Analysis and Management, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Electronic address: matsuk@czc.hokudai.ac.jp.
Kei SatoDivision of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan; Collaboration Unit for Infection, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan. Electronic address: keisato@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
After the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, some BA.2 subvariants, including BA.2.9.1, BA.2.11, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5, emerged in multiple countries. Our statistical analysis showed that the effective reproduction numbers of these BA.2 subvariants are greater than that of the original BA.2. Neutralization experiments revealed that the immunity induced by BA.1/2 infections is less effective against BA.4/5. Cell culture experiments showed that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 replicate more efficiently in human alveolar epithelial cells than BA.2, and particularly, BA.4/5 is more fusogenic than BA.2. We further provided the structure of the BA.4/5 spike receptor-binding domain that binds to human ACE2 and considered how the substitutions in the BA.4/5 spike play roles in ACE2 binding and immune evasion. Moreover, experiments using hamsters suggested that BA.4/5 is more pathogenic than BA.2. Our multiscale investigations suggest that the risk of BA.2 subvariants, particularly BA.4/5, to global health is greater than that of original BA.2.
Indexed as
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2COVID-19Antibodies, ViralHumansPeptidyl-Dipeptidase ASARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Antibodies, ViralPeptidyl-Dipeptidase ASpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2BA.2BA.2.12.1BA.4BA.5COVID-19immune resistanceOmicronpathogenicitySARS-CoV-2transmissibility
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.