Observational studyCardiovascular drugs and therapy2024
Hydroxychloroquine and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Observational study in Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hydroxychloroquine-Chloroquine, QT-Prolongation, and Major Adverse Cardiac Events: A Meta-analysis and Scoping Review.The Annals of pharmacotherapy · 2024Pooled it
- An open-label phase I comparator-controlled clinical trial to assess tolerability and pharmacokinetics of IHL-675 A a fixed dose combination of cannabidiol plus hydroxychloroquine in healthy volunteers.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Risk factors for cerebral infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective case-control study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Hydroxychloroquine Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice: Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha.Cardiology research · 2026Article
- [Consensus statement of the Austrian Society for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation on the management of increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
- Lipid metabolism at the intersection of rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity and Cardiovascular Risk: An Immunological Perspective.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Myocardial infarction in rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
- From joints to vessels: How rheumatoid arthritis therapy alters the fate of the heart.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Risk of acute myocardial infarction associated with anti-rheumatic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide population-based case-control study.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2025Article
- Interferon Upregulation Associates with Insulin Resistance in Humans.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Article
- Interplay of rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease: Insights and prospects.SAGE open medicine · 2025Review
- The Effects of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs on Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory Joint Diseases: Current Evidence and Uncertainties.Vascular health and risk management · 2025Review
- Hydroxychloroquine's diverse targets: a new frontier in precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Early reduction in total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts hydroxychloroquine efficacy in treating IgA nephropathy.Renal failure · 2024Article
- Article
- Abatacept versus tumor necrosis factor inhibitors on mortality and medical utilizations in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease: a large-scale real-world retrospective cohort study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Identification of ferroptosis related markers by integrated bioinformatics analysis and In vitro model experiments in rheumatoid arthritis.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some studies have reported a decrease in CVD in patients with RA using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Most of these have had fewer participants and have analyzed only composite outcomes. We aimed to identify the association between the use of HCQ in patients with RA and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), cerebral infarction, and AMI.
methodsThis was a retrospective observational study using the TriNetX Diamond Network. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to equilibrate the cohorts. The dependent variables in our study were MACE, cerebral infarction, and AMI.
resultsA total of 2,261,643 patients with RA were identified. Approximately 6% had been prescribed HCQ. Of those prescribed HCQ, 80% (112,743) were females, while of those not prescribed HCQ, 72.5% (1,536,937) were females. HCQ was associated with lower rates of MACE (HR 0.827, 95%CI 0.8,0.86), cerebral infarction (HR 0.824, 95% CI 0.78,0.87), and AMI (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.85,0.96). These associations were not seen in patients taking biologics. HCQ was associated with lower MACE in all other subgroups.
conclusionIn conclusion, HCQ was slightly beneficial in decreasing MACE and cerebral infarction in patients with RA. These associations were significantly lower in patients taking methotrexate or biologics. Although there was a significant decrease in the risk of AMI in all patients with RA, these results were not replicated in subgroup analyses, and there was an apparent increased risk of AMI with the use of HCQ in patients using biologics.
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