ArticleEcology2023
Current street tree communities reflect race-based housing policy and modern attempts to remedy environmental injustice.
Article in Ecology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multiple drivers and long-term patterns of the ecology of segregation in Latin America.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Historic residential segregation impacts biodiversity data availability disparately across the tree of life.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- From past, persisting, and consolidating ecologies of segregation to ecologies of repair.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Conceptualizing racial inequalities and injustice in social-ecological systems: A foundation for ecology of segregation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Restoring landscapes and communities: Insights from critical, urban, and plant ecology.Environmental science and ecotechnology · 2025Review
- Utilizing the Health Belief Model to understand heat mitigation behaviors in the United States: Results of an online panel survey.PloS one · 2025Article
- Monitoring temporal changes in large urban street trees using remote sensing and deep learning.PloS one · 2025Article
- Tree diversity across the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area in relation to climate and social vulnerability.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2024Article
- Article
- Gentrification drives patterns of alpha and beta diversity in cities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Current street tree communities reflect race-based housing policy and modern attempts to remedy environmental injustice.Ecology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humans promote and inhibit other species on the urban landscape, shaping biodiversity patterns. Institutional racism may underlie the distribution of urban species by creating disproportionate resources in space and time. Here, we examine whether present-day street tree occupancy, diversity, and composition in Baltimore, MD, USA, neighborhoods reflect their 1937 classification into grades of loan risk-from most desirable (A = green) to least desirable (D = "redlined")-using racially discriminatory criteria. We find that neighborhoods that were redlined have consistently lower street tree α-diversity and are nine times less likely to have large (old) trees occupying a viable planting site. Simultaneously, redlined neighborhoods were locations of recent tree planting activities, with a high occupancy rate of small (young) trees. However, the community composition of these young trees exhibited lower species turnover and reordering across neighborhoods compared to those in higher grades, due to heavy reliance on a single tree species. Overall, while the negative effects of redlining remain detectable in present-day street tree communities, there are clear signs of recent investment. A strategy of planting diverse tree cohorts paired with investments in site rehabilitation and maintenance may be necessary if cities wish to overcome ecological feedbacks associated with legacies of environmental injustice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.