ArticleJournal of translational medicine2022
Multi-perspective comparison of the immune microenvironment of primary colorectal cancer and liver metastases.
Article in Journal of translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07564908 (Correlation and Heterogeneity of the Immune Microenvironment and Histopathological Growth Patterns in Resectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Correlation and Heterogeneity of the Immune Microenvironment and Histopathological Growth Patterns in Resectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Resection Sequence in Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Primary vs. Liver First.Journal of surgical oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- TIGITCancers · 2026Article
- Immunoediting and precision biomarkers in prostate cancer: The emerging role of liquid biopsy, immune contexture and HLA genotype (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Foxp3+/CD4+ Cell Ratio in Primary Colorectal Cancer Predicts Opposite Prognoses Following Resection of Synchronous or Metachronous Liver Metastases.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Compartment-specific GLUT1 patterns in colorectal liver metastases: invasive-margin GLUT1 associates with outcome in solitary disease.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Are More Abundant in Lung Metastases From Colorectal Cancer Than in Paired Primary Tumors and Their Prognostic Value Depends on Adjuvant Chemotherapy.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- CD103-Positive Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Predict a Favorable Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- SLC46A1 deficiency-mediated folate restriction suppresses colorectal cancer progression through epigenetic-transcriptional reprogramming.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Spatial Profiling and Prognostic Role of CD169+ Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer From Adjacent Nontumor Mucosa to Liver Metastasis.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Understanding the Tumor Microenvironmental Mechanisms Driving Immunotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Functions and clinical implications of the liver microenvironment in hepatic uveal melanoma metastases.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Liver metastasis of colorectal cancer: Mechanism and clinical therapy (Review).Oncology reports · 2025Review
- Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- TWEAK/Fn14 Drives Tumor Progression and Is Associated With Poor Survival of Colorectal Liver Metastases With Replacement Growth Patterns.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Spatial immune remodeling of the liver metastases: discovering the path to antimetastatic therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Prognostic assessment of T-cells in primary colorectal cancer and paired synchronous or metachronous liver metastasis.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- High Midkine Expression Correlates with Poor Prognosis and Immune Cell Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting the recurrence risk of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer: a study based on preoperative CT intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLiver metastases are a major contributor to the poor immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer patients. However, the distinctions in the immune microenvironment between primary tumors and liver metastases are poorly characterized. The goal of this study was to compare the expression profile of multiple immune cells to further analyze the similarities and differences between the microenvironments of liver metastases and the primary tumor.
methodsTissues from 17 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent resection of primary and liver metastases was analyzed using multispectral immunofluorescence. The expression of multiple immune cells (CD8, Foxp3, CD68, CD163, CD20, CD11c, CD66b, CD56, PD-L1, INF-γ, Ki67 and VEGFR-2) in the tumor center (TC), tumor invasive front (< 150 µm from the tumor center, TF) and peritumoral region (≥ 150 µm from the tumor center, PT) was evaluated via comparison. The expression of CD68 and CD163 in different regions was further analyzed based on the cell colocalization method. In addition, different immune phenotypes were studied and compared according to the degree of CD8 infiltration.
resultsThe expression trends of 12 markers in the TF and TC regions were basically the same in the primary tumor and liver metastasis lesions. However, in comparison of the TF and PT regions, the expression trends were not identical between primary and liver metastases, especially CD163, which was more highly expressed in the PT region relative to the TF region. In the contrast of different space distribution, the expression of CD163 was higher in liver metastases than in the primary foci. Further analysis of CD68 and CD163 via colocalization revealed that the distribution of macrophages in liver metastases was significantly different from that in the primary foci, with CD68
conclusionsThe immune cells found in the primary tumors of colorectal cancer differed from those in liver metastases in terms of their spatial distribution. More immunosuppressive cells were present in the liver metastases, with the most pronounced differential distribution found for macrophages. CD68
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.