ArticlePediatric research2023
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's sleep habits: an ECHO study.
Article in Pediatric research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03061890 (Developmental Impact of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Developmental Impact of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Exposures: Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO)
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Five-year trends in overweight and obesity among preschool children before and during the COVID-19 period: a retrospective repeated-measures analysis in Southwest China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Overweight, Obesity, and Lifestyle Behaviors in Immigrants and Native Children in Madrid-ASOMAD Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Review
- The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sarcopenic obesity among children between 6 and 10 years of age: a prospective study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Food and Housing Insecurity, COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Health-Related Activities, and Care Plans for Children with Obesity.Academic pediatrics · 2025Article
- Association between maternal stress and child sleep quality: a nationwide ECHO prospective cohort study.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Maternal-Reported Sleep Health for Kindergarteners During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Children's health care : journal of the Association for the Care of Children's Health · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviours pre- and post-COVID-19 among Japanese school-aged adolescents: a nationally representative three-wave repeated cross-sectional survey.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and sleep characteristics in children and parents.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- How the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcome (ECHO) cohort can spur discoveries in environmental epidemiology.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Neuropsychological Symptoms and Quality of Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Children: A Survey in a Pediatric Population in the Abruzzo Region, Italy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Adolescents' Lifestyle Determinants in Relation to Their Nutritional Status during COVID-19 Pandemic Distance Learning in the North-Western Part of Romania-A Cross-Sectional Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Opportunities for understanding the COVID-19 pandemic and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Influence of sleep and nap habituality on mnemonic discrimination in early childhood: An online study.Cognitive developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSleep in childhood is affected by behavioral, environmental, and parental factors. We propose that these factors were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates sleep habit changes during the pandemic in 528 children 4-12 years old in the US, leveraging data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.
methodsData collection occurred in July 2019-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) and two pandemic periods: December 2020-April 2021 and May-August 2021. Qualitative interviews were performed in 38 participants.
resultsWe found no changes in sleep duration, but a shift to later sleep midpoint during the pandemic periods. There was an increase in latency at the first pandemic collection period but no increase in the frequency of bedtime resistance, and a reduced frequency of naps during the pandemic. Qualitative interviews revealed that parents prioritized routines to maintain sleep duration but were more flexible regarding timing. Children from racial/ethnic minoritized communities slept less at night, had later sleep midpoint, and napped more frequently across all collection periods, warranting in-depth investigation to examine and address root causes.
conclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted children sleep, but parental knowledge of the importance of sleep might have played a significant protective role. IMPACT: During the COVID-19 pandemic, US children changed their sleep habits, going to bed and waking up later, but their sleep duration did not change. Sleep latency was longer. Parental knowledge of sleep importance might have played a protective role. Regardless of data collection periods, children from racial/ethnic minoritized communities slept less and went to bed later. This is one of the first study on this topic in the US, including prospective pre-pandemic qualitative and quantitative data on sleep habits. Our findings highlight the pandemic long-term impact on childhood sleep. Results warrants further investigations on implications for overall childhood health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.