Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36195463›Full record

ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2022

Bearing the burden of austerity: how do changing mortality rates in the UK compare between men and women?

David Walsh, Ruth Dundas, Gerry McCartney, Marcia Gibson, Rosie Seaman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The Political Economy of Health Inequality.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The Global Polycrisis and Health Inequalities.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. UK autumn statement 2022, the worst is yet to come.Perspectives in public health · 2023
    Article
  16. Spatial Aspects of Health-Developing a Conceptual Framework.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

David WalshGlasgow Centre for Population Health, Glasgow, UK david.walsh.2@glasgow.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-3390-5039
Ruth DundasMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3836-4286
Gerry McCartneyCollege of Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6341-3521
Marcia GibsonMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7479-9228
Rosie SeamanMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1400-4048

Funding

Chief Scientist Office SPHSU17Medical Research Council MC_UU_00022/2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMortality rates across the UK stopped improving in the early 2010s, largely attributable to UK Government's 'austerity' policies. Such policies are thought to disproportionately affect women in terms of greater financial impact and loss of services. The aim here was to investigate whether the mortality impact of austerity-in terms of when rates changed and the scale of excess deaths-has also been worse for women.

methodsAll-cause mortality data by sex, age, Great Britain (GB) nation and deprivation quintile were obtained from national agencies. Trends in age-standardised mortality rates were calculated, and segmented regression analyses used to identify break points between 1981 and 2019. Excess deaths were calculated for 2012-2019 based on comparison of observed deaths with numbers predicted by the linear trend for 1981-2011.

resultsChanges in trends were observed for both men and women, especially for those living in the 20% most deprived areas. In those areas, mortality increased between 2010/2012 and 2017/2019 among women but not men. Break points in trends occurred at similar time points. Approximately 335 000 more deaths occurred between 2012 and 2019 than was expected based on previous trends, with the excess greater among men.

conclusionsIt remains unclear whether there are sex differences in UK austerity-related health effects. Nonetheless, this study provides further evidence of adverse trends in the UK and the associated scale of excess deaths. There is a clear need for such policies to be reversed, and for policies to be implemented to protect the most vulnerable in society.

Indexed as

MortalityFemaleHumansMaleRegression AnalysisSocioeconomic FactorsUnited KingdomDEMOGRAPHYHealth inequalitiesMORTALITYPOLICY

Identifiers

PMID36195463
PMCPMC9664129

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.