ReviewMedical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre2022
Reconsideration of the Role of Regulatory T Cells during Pregnancy: Differential Characteristics of Regulatory T Cells between the Maternal-Fetal Interface and Peripheral Sites and between Early and Late Pregnancy.
Review in Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-Trimester CBC-Derived Inflammatory Indices for Prediction of Miscarriage: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Microchimerism: The Hidden Cellular Dialogue Between Mother and Fetal That Shapes Lifelong Immunity.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Pregnancy Outcome following Administration of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Women with Unexplained Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2026Article
- Direct and indirect evidence for pyroptosis and immune dysregulation in IVF/ICSI-ET-related early pregnancy loss.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pregnancy-acquired memory CD4Nature communications · 2025Article
- Maternal Immune Characteristics at Mid and Late Pregnancy Are Mostly Independent of Fetal Allogeneity in Mice.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- PD1+ T Regulatory Cells Are Not Sufficient to Protect from Gestational Hypertension.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Microchimerism and pregnancy complications with placental dysfunction.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles from human semen induce unique tolerogenic phenotypes in vaginal dendritic cells and regulatory T lymphocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Reproductive Immunology and Pregnancy 2.0.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Role of Regulatory T Cells and Their Therapeutic Potential in Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy: A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Immunologic aspects of preeclampsia.AJOG global reports · 2024Review
- Human chorionic gonadotrophin indirectly activates peripheral γδT cells to produce interleukin-10 during early pregnancy.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Postpartum hepatitis flares in mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection.Gastroenterology report · 2024Review
- Impact of respiratory viral infections during pregnancy on the neurological outcomes of the newborn: current knowledge.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Functional Impairment of Activated Regulatory T Cells as a Central Immunological Defect in Endometriosis.Reproductive medicine and biologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in implantation of the embryo and maintenance of pregnancy after allogeneic mating. Implantation failure, miscarriage, and preeclampsia are associated with decreased numbers of Treg cells or with dysfunctional Treg cells. Treg cells are classified into naturally occurring Treg (nTreg) cells or thymus-derived Treg (tTreg) cells that differentiate in the thymus and induce tolerance to self-antigens, while induced Treg (iTreg) or peripheral Treg (pTreg) cells differentiate in the periphery and induce transient tolerance to foreign antigens. Memory nTreg or iTreg cells were recently reported to accumulate in the uterus during early pregnancy and contribute to the establishment of pregnancy. Miscarriage is characterized by the downregulation of the total numbers of Treg cells rather than a downregulation of the numbers of paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg cells. In addition to the volume of paternal/fetal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, the number of paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg cells, which protect the fetus/placenta against maternal immune cell attack, increases after the second trimester of pregnancy. Clonal Treg cells which are surrogate markers of paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg cells in humans may be involved in the development of preeclampsia during the mid- to late pregnancy stage, as evidenced by their downregulation in the decidua of preeclamptic cases. This review summarizes recent findings on Treg cells and discusses the roles, in the maintenance of pregnancy, of different types of Treg cells such as paternal/fetal antigen-specific Treg, pregnancy-associated memory Treg, nTreg (or tTreg), and iTreg (or pTreg cells).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.