ArticleScientific reports2022
Timing of vagus nerve stimulation during fear extinction determines efficacy in a rat model of PTSD.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation as a Potential Treatment for Repetitive Blast Trauma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A pilot study of brain correlates of long-term treatment with transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation in posttraumatic stress disorder.Journal of affective disorders reports · 2026Article
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation reduces total striatal GABA+ content, increases DLPFC Glu content, and facilitates early-phase motor learning.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Local and network neural activations and their associations with sleep parameters during threat conditioning and extinction in persons with Generalized Anxiety Disorder with and without Insomnia Disorder.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Advice for translational neuroscience: move deliberately and build things.Bioelectronic medicine · 2025Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation ameliorates cognitive impairment caused by hypoxia.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- A vagal route to memory: evidence from invasive and non-invasive electrical vagus nerve stimulation studies and areas for future clinical application.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- REM disruption and REM Vagal Activity Predict Extinction Recall in Trauma-Exposed Individuals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Non-Invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation Pre-Treatment Reduces Neurological Dysfunction After Closed Head Injury in Mice.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Article
- Computational modeling of fear and stress responses: validation using consolidated fear and stress protocols.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2024Article
- Importance of timing optimization for closed-loop applications of vagus nerve stimulation.Bioelectronic medicine · 2023Review
- Neuromodulator timing regulates adult cortical plasticity via the synaptic eligibility trace.Brain stimulationArticle
- How to fail with paired VNS therapy.Brain stimulationReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies have indicated that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhances extinction learning in rodent models. Here, we investigated if pairing VNS with the conditioned stimulus is required for the enhancing effects of VNS. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to intense stress followed by fear conditioning training to produce resistant fear. Rats were then implanted with a cuff electrode around the left vagus. After recovery, rats underwent extinction training paired with VNS (0.5 s, 0.8 mA, 100 µs, and 30 Hz) or with Sham VNS (0 mA). VNS rats were randomized into the following subgroups: During VNS (delivered during presentations of the conditioned stimulus, CS), Between VNS (delivered between CS presentations), Continuous VNS (delivered during the entire extinction session), and Dispersed VNS (delivered at longer inter-stimulation intervals across the extinction session). Sham VNS rats failed to extinguish the conditioned fear response over 5 days of repeated exposure to the CS. Rats that received Between or Dispersed VNS showed modest improvement in conditioned fear at the retention test. During and Continuous VNS groups displayed the greatest reduction in conditioned fear. These findings indicate that delivering VNS paired precisely with CS presentations or continuously throughout extinction promotes the maximum enhancement in extinction learning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.