ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
The diverse genetic origins of a Classical period Greek army.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ancient DNA evidence for the history of the Albanians.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Article
- Optimal Reference Panel Design in Ancient DNA Imputation from Coalescent Theory, Simulation, and Real Data Application with an Ancient Reference Panel.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genetic affinities between the ancient Greek colony of Amvrakia and its metropolis.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Uniparental analysis of Deep Maniot Greeks reveals genetic continuity from the pre-Medieval era.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Fifteen millennia of human mitogenome evolution in Sicily.Science advances · 2025Article
- A New Perspective on the Arrival of the Eastern Mediterranean Genetic Influx in Central Italy Before the Onset of the Roman Empire.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Medieval genomes from eastern Iberia illuminate the role of Morisco mass deportations in dismantling a long-standing genetic bridge with North Africa.Genome biology · 2025Article
- PANE: fast and reliable ancestral reconstruction on ancient genotype data with non-negative least square and principal component analysis.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Ancient DNA challenges prevailing interpretations of the Pompeii plaster casts.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Pervasive findings of directional selection realize the promise of ancient DNA to elucidate human adaptation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Bioarchaeological Perspectives on Late Antiquity in Dalmatia: Paleogenetic, Dietary, and Population Studies of the Hvar - Radošević burial site.Archaeological and anthropological sciences · 2024Article
- Anatolian genetic ancestry in North Lebanese populations.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Multi-proxy bioarchaeological analysis of skeletal remains shows genetic discontinuity in a Medieval Sicilian community.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- The Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) a curated compendium of ancient human genomes.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Article
- A genetic history of continuity and mobility in the Iron Age central Mediterranean.Nature ecology & evolution · 2023Article
- Article
- The diverse genetic origins of a Classical period Greek army.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
50 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Trade and colonization caused an unprecedented increase in Mediterranean human mobility in the first millennium BCE. Often seen as a dividing force, warfare is in fact another catalyst of culture contact. We provide insight into the demographic dynamics of ancient warfare by reporting genome-wide data from fifth-century soldiers who fought for the army of the Greek Sicilian colony of Himera, along with representatives of the civilian population, nearby indigenous settlements, and 96 present-day individuals from Italy and Greece. Unlike the rest of the sample, many soldiers had ancestral origins in northern Europe, the Steppe, and the Caucasus. Integrating genetic, archaeological, isotopic, and historical data, these results illustrate the significant role mercenaries played in ancient Greek armies and highlight how participation in war contributed to continental-scale human mobility in the Classical world.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.