ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2022
FGFR mRNA Expression in Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Correlation with FGFR2 Fusion Status and Immune Signatures.
Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-L1 Expression in Biliary Tract Cancer: Comparison Across Antibody Clones and Role as a Predictor of Response to Chemoimmunotherapy: A Meta-Analysis.JCO precision oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The Evolving Landscape of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy in Cholangiocarcinoma and Biliary Tract Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Sinonasal biphasic seromucinous adenocarcinomas: a report of two morphologically distinct cases with multimodal omics characterization.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- FGFR2-Rearranged Biliary Tract Cancer: Biology, Resistance Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Cancers · 2026Review
- Stratifying cholangiocarcinoma: tumor microenvironment, molecular drivers, and novel immunotherapeutic approaches.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- A molecular network analysis and in silico docking of beta-eudesmol, atractylodin and hinesol in patients with advance stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Immune-Genomics of Cholangiocarcinoma: A Biological Footprint to Develop Novel Immunotherapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of FGFR Gene-Altered Solid Tumors.Global medical genetics · 2024Review
- Landscape of Clinical Resistance Mechanisms to FGFR Inhibitors in FGFR2-Altered Cholangiocarcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
- A Novel Mouse Model of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Induced by Azoxymethane.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Immunobiology of cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Unleashing the potential of combining FGFR inhibitor and immune checkpoint blockade for FGF/FGFR signaling in tumor microenvironment.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSelective FGFR inhibitors are effective against cholangiocarcinomas that harbor gene alterations in FGFR2. Clinical trials suggest that expression of wild-type FGFR mRNA can predict sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors, but this biomarker has not been well characterized in cholangiocarcinoma. This study explores the prevalence of FGFR mRNA overexpression in cholangiocarcinoma, its role in predicting sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors, and its association with immune markers. EXPERIMENTAL
designTissue microarrays of intrahepatic (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECC) resected between 2004 and 2015 were used to evaluate FGFR1-4 mRNA expression levels by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). Expression levels of FGFR2 mRNA were correlated with FGFR2 fusion status and with patient outcomes. Immune markers expression was assessed by IHC and CSF1 and CSF1 receptor expression were examined by RNA ISH.
resultsAmong 94 patients with resected cholangiocarcinoma, the majority had ICC (77%). FGFR2 fusions were identified in 23% of ICCs and 5% of ECCs. High levels of FGFR mRNA in FGFR2 fusion-negative ICC/ECC were seen for: FGFR1 (ICC/ECC: 15%/0%), FGFR2 (ICC/ECC: 57%/0%), FGFR3 (ICC/ECC: 53%/18%), and FGFR4 (ICC/ECC: 32%/0%). Overall, 62% of fusion-negative cholangiocarcinomas showed high levels of FGFR mRNA. In patients with advanced FGFR2 fusion-positive ICC, high levels of FGFR2 mRNA did not correlate with clinical benefit. FGFR2 fusion-positive tumors showed a paucity of PD-L1 on tumor cells.
conclusionsFGFR mRNA overexpression occurs frequently in cholangiocarcinoma in the absence of genetic alterations in FGFR. This study identifies a molecular subpopulation in cholangiocarcinoma for which further investigation of FGFR inhibitors is merited outside currently approved indications.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.