ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Identification and validation of key molecules associated with humoral immune modulation in Parkinson's disease based on bioinformatics.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Profiling peripheral immune cells in Parkinson's disease: A scoping review.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- GBA1 F213I mutation increases the expression of LCN2 promoting neurodegeneration.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its association with differential diagnosis, severity, and prognosis.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2026Review
- Article
- A neuron-distributed DEK integrates ac4C modification and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of Parkinson disease: evidence from Mendelian randomization, multi-omics andFrontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Analysis of immune-related biomarkers in amniotic fluid embolism by sequencing data and bioinformatics.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Immuno-transcriptomic analysis based on machine learning identifies immunity signature genes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identification of hub immune-related genes and construction of predictive models for systemic lupus erythematosus by bioinformatics combined with machine learning.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Magnetic transferrin nanoparticles (MTNs) assay as a novel isolation approach for exosomal biomarkers in neurological diseases.Biomaterials research · 2023Article
- Machine learning screening for Parkinson's disease-related cuproptosis-related typing development and validation and exploration of personalized drugs for cuproptosis genes.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder and immune-mediated mechanism is considered to be crucial to pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of humoral immune regulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of PD. Methods: Firstly, we performed a series of bioinformatic analyses utilizing the expression profile of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) obtained from the GEO database (GSE100054, GSE49126, and GSE22491) to identify differentially expressed genes related to humoral immune regulatory mechanisms between PD and healthy controls. Subsequently, we verified the results using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in clinical blood specimen. Lastly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic effects of verified molecules. Results: We obtained 13 genes that were mainly associated with immune-related biological processes in PD using bioinformatic analysis. Then, we selected PPBP, PROS1, and LCN2 for further exploration. Fascinatingly, our experimental results don't always coincide with the expression profile. PROS1 and LCN2 plasma levels were significantly higher in PD patients compared to controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001). However, the PPBP plasma level and expression in the PBMC of PD patients was significantly decreased compared to controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). We found that PPBP, PROS1, and LCN2 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.663 (95%CI: 0.551-0.776), 0.674 (95%CI: 0.569-0.780), and 0.885 (95%CI: 0.814-0.955). Furthermore, in the biological process analysis of gene ontology (GO), the three molecules were all involved in humoral immune response (GO:0006959). Conclusions: In general, PPBP, PROS1, and LCN2 were identified and validated to be related to PD and PPBP, LCN2 may potentially be biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PD. Our findings also provide some new insights on the humoral immune modulation mechanisms in PD.
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