Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2022
Cardiovascular risk factors: The effects of ageing and smoking on the immune system, an observational clinical study.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacovigilance signal detection of rilonacept using FAERS with exploratory Mendelian randomization analysis.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Proteomic Profiling Using a Proximity Extension Assay Panel on Serum Samples Stored at -25°C Over Several Decades.Proteomics · 2026Article
- Article
- Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP) serum concentration in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), with and without interstitial lung disease (ILD).BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- B Cell Subsets and Atherosclerosis: Updates and Emerging Concepts.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Integrative Analysis Reveals Genes Causal Relation with Ovarian Cancer and aging.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- The role of IL-6 in atherosclerosis: a narrative review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- The interplay between recovery and immunity in infectious and non-communicable diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Lactate Secretion by Monocytes as a Determinant of Innate Immune Cell Fitness in Healthy Elderly.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Immunosenescence accelerates atherosclerosis development in AAV-PCSK9 mouse model.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Real-world data and Mendelian randomization analysis in assessing adverse reactions of rilonacept.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Mitochondria as a Disease-Relevant Organelle in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Key Breakout in Fight Against the Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- CCL11 (Eotaxin) Promotes the Advancement of Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Immunoglobulin: unraveling its complex web in aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Smoking and Health Profiles of Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19: An Exploratory Study of Key Physiological Markers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Adaptive immunity and atherosclerosis: aging at its crossroads.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Single-cell profiling reveals age-associated immunity in atherosclerosis.Cardiovascular research · 2023Article
- A Transcriptomic Analysis of Smoking-Induced Gene Expression Alterations in Coronary Artery Disease Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Influence of Comorbidities on Chemokine and Cytokine Profile in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: Preliminary Results.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently immunomodulatory compounds are under investigation for use in patients with cardiovascular disease, caused by atherosclerosis. These trials, using recurrent cardiovascular events as endpoint, require enrollment of large patient groups. We investigated the effect of key risk factors for atherosclerosis development, ageing and smoking, on the immune system, with the objective to identify biomarkers differentiating between human populations, and potentially serving as endpoints for future phase 1B trials with immunomodulatory compounds. Blood was collected from young healthy volunteers (aged 18-25 years, n=30), young smokers (18-25 years, n=20), elderly healthy volunteers (>60 years, n=20), heavy smokers (>45 years, 15 packyears, n=11) and patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (>60 years, n=27). Circulating immune cell subsets were characterized by flow cytometry, and collected plasma was evaluated by proteomics (Olink). Clear ageing effects were observed, mostly illustrated by a lower level in CD8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.