ArticleJournal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open2022
4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) intoxication results in exaggerated blood pressure effects compared to MDMA and amphetamine: A retrospective analysis.
Article in Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of fluorinated analogs of amphetamine and methamphetamine in mice and rats.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Chemical composition of Ecstasy tablets seized in Poland between 2005 and 2020.Forensic toxicology · 2025Article
- 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) intoxication results in exaggerated blood pressure effects compared to MDMA and amphetamine: A retrospective analysis.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2022Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) is an amphetamine-type stimulant, with effects comparable to amphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Severe 4-FA-related complications, such as cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage, have been described. The aim of this study was to explore the cardiovascular symptoms and complications in 4-FA and compare them to MDMA and amphetamine in intoxicated patients who presented to the emergency department (ED). Methods: Between November 2015 and March 2020, all self-reported 4-FA, MDMA, and amphetamine-intoxicated adult patients that presented at the ED of an inner-city hospital in Amsterdam, were retrospectively analyzed for cardiovascular symptoms, vital parameters, cardiovascular complications, interventions, admission rate, and Poisoning Severity Score (PSS). Results: A total of 582 patients were included, of which 31 (5.3%) with 4-FA intoxication (10/31 mono-intoxications, 32.3%), 406 (69.8%) with MDMA (59/406 mono-intoxications, 14.5%), 100 (17.2%) with amphetamine (10/100 mono-intoxications, 10.0%), and 45 (7.7%) with a cross intoxication of these drugs. 4-FA mono-intoxicated patients experienced more headache (n = 8; 80.0%) compared to MDMA (n = 2; 3.3%; Conclusions: 4-FA intoxication-related ED symptoms resemble MDMA and amphetamine complications, although patients presented more often with headache and hypertension. Severe 4-FA-related cardiovascular complications occurred in 40% of mono-intoxications.
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