Trial reportFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Response of tear cytokines following intense pulsed light combined with meibomian gland expression for treating meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye.
Trial report in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Long-term efficacy of three treatments for severe MGD: a comparative study in Chinese patients.International ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Safety and efficacy of a novel intense pulsed light system in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized, double-masked, intra-individual controlled study.International ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- A first-in-human, prospective pilot trial of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell eye drops therapy for patients with refractory non-Sjögren's and Sjögren's syndrome dry eye disease.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Intense pulsed light as a multi-target intervention paradigm for refractory ocular surface diseases: a review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Review
- DAMPs, PAMPs, and Alarmins: From Mechanism to Therapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Human meibomian gland organoids to study epithelial homeostasis and dysfunction.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- Technological Interventions for Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Random-Effects Network Meta-analysis of 3-Month Outcomes.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Correlation between ocular surface characteristics and tear lymphotoxin-alpha in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of different courses.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Safety of Therapeutic Strategies in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmic research · 2026Review
- The Role of Eyelid Margin Vascularity in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Diagnosis and Management.Cureus · 2025Review
- Dry Eye Disease Management Via Technological Methods: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Tear Cytokine Changes up to One Year After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Effect of Daily Topical Cyclosporine-A 0.1% Emulsion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Changes in tear cytokine and lactoferrin levels in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction complicated with obstructed meibomian gland dysfunction.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Review
- Efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor plus sodium hyaluronate eye drops in diabetic dry eye post-cataract surgery.World journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Fuch's Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy in Cataract Patients Is Associated with Elevated Levels of Inflammatory Chemokines, but Not Growth Factors, in the Aqueous Humor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Evaluation of lymphotoxin-alpha in pterygium and diagnostic value in active and inactive pterygium states.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Tear biomarkers in dry eye disease: Progress in the last decade.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Current practices and considerations in intense pulsed light therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study compared the changes in tear inflammatory cytokine levels after intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) (IPL group) and instant warm compresses combined with MGX (physiotherapy group) as treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-related dry eye disease (DED) to explore their similarities and differences in therapeutic mechanisms. Methods: This study was a Results: At the last measurement, a significant decrease was observed in all tear cytokines for both IPL and physiotherapy groups compared with baseline. The IPL group showed greater reductions in IL-6, IL-6R, IL-1β, IL-13, and CCL11/Eotaxin than the physiotherapy group. TNF-α, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL10/IP-10, IL-10, EGF, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and Lipocalin-2/NGAL levels continued to decrease with treatment time. Important interactions were found in the changes of IL-6 and IL-13 levels, where the levels first decreased and then slightly increased in the physiotherapy group after treatment, while they continued to decrease in the IPL group. Conclusions: The mechanisms of IPL and physiotherapy in treating MGD-related DED were both associated with reducing inflammation, and the superiority of IPL could be attributed to its better inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines like IL-6. In addition, several cytokines were on a downward trend during treatment, suggesting that the vicious cycle of DED was suppressed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.