SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2022
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress in war- and conflict-afflicted areas: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of war-related posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Pooled it
- Post-traumatic stress disorder in the Ethiopian population dwelling in war-affected communities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of immersive VR therapy in reducing stress-associated symptoms in Ukraine.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Trial
- Postpartum depression in women during war: from acute crisis to prolonged conflict.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Economic hardship and mental health following a national trauma and amid ongoing conflict: a longitudinal cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Volunteering and resilience in wartime: evidence from two population-based studies in Israel.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Validation of the Turkish Fear of War Scale (FOWARS): Psychometric Evidence and Associations with Tolerance of Uncontrollability, Psychological Symptoms, and Personality Traits.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Global burden of depression and anxiety among women of reproductive age: socioeconomic disparities and policy implications.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Betrayal as consequence and catalyst: Longitudinal and reciprocal relations with PTSD and depression during ongoing conflict.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- War-Related Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms During the First Two Postpartum Years: The Moderating Role of Childhood Adversity.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Article
- Mental health and self-compassion in military couples during wartime.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2026Article
- Societal worries and mental disorders in the general population: insights from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS).BMC public health · 2026Article
- Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7) in Ukrainian sample during wartime.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Exposure to War-Related Stress and Suicidal Ideation: The Moderating Role of Interpersonal and Political Trust.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Depression and its associated factors among adult women in Bangladesh during the July 2024 revolution.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of Palestinian patients with chronic pain: a cross-sectional study from Al-Shifa Hospital, Gaza.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Post-traumatic stress disorder.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Use of benzodiazepines, Z-drugs and SSRIs during wartime in Israel - a national cohort study.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Past political violence and interpersonal violence against children and youth in Africa.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: With the rise of fragility, conflict and violence (FCV), understanding the prevalence and risk factors associated with mental disorders is beneficial to direct aid to vulnerable groups. To better understand mental disorders depending on the population and the timeframe, we performed a systematic review to investigate the aggregate prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms among both civilian and military population exposed to war. Methods: We used MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase to identify studies published from inception or 1-Jan, 1945 (whichever earlier), to 31-May, 2022, to reporting on the prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms using structured clinical interviews and validated questionnaires as well as variables known to be associated with prevalence to perform meta-regression. We then used random-effects bivariate meta-analysis models to estimate the aggregate prevalence rate. Results: The aggregate prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress during times of conflict or war were 28.9, 30.7, and 23.5%, respectively. Our results indicate a significant difference in the levels of depression and anxiety, but not post-traumatic stress, between the civilian group and the military group respectively (depression 34.7 vs 21.1%, Conclusion: The aggregate prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress in populations experiencing FCV are 28.9, 30.7, and 23.5%, respectively. There is a significant difference in prevalence of depression and anxiety between civilians and the military personnels. Our results show that there is a significant difference in the prevalence of depression and anxiety among individuals in areas affected by FCV during the wars compared to after the wars. Overall, these results highlight that mental health in times of conflict is a public health issue that cannot be ignored, and that appropriate aid made available to at risk populations can reduce the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms during time of FCV. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=337486, Identifier 337486.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.