ArticleWorld journal of clinical cases2022
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the ocular surface.
Article in World journal of clinical cases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigating Mask-Associated Dry Eye and Contributing Factors in Healthcare Providers.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Real or MADE-up: Investigating Mask-Associated Dry Eye (MADE) as an emerging syndrome.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Alterations in tear film and wavefront parameters associated with different types of disposable surgical masks in healthcare personnel during working hours: a randomized trial.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere have been increased reports of dry eyes in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era.
aimTo analyze the differences in tear film properties from pre- and post-pandemic of the COVID-19 era.
methodsIt was a retrospective comparative study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the data of multimodal ocular surface evaluation: (1) Group 1 if it was before Portugal lockdown decision (from August 2019 to March 2020); (2) Group 2 if it was after Portugal lockdown decision but without mask mandate (from April 2020 to October 2020); and (3) Group 3 if it was after Portugal lockdown but with mask mandate in health public highway (from November 2020 to April 2021). The following variables were analyzed: Lipid layer thickness, blink rate, Schirmer test, tear meniscus height, tear osmolarity, non-invasive break-up time, and loss area of the meibomian glands.
resultsThe study included 548 eyes of 274 patients, aged 18 years to 89 years, with a mean age of 66.15 ± 13.40 years at the time of multimodal ocular surface evaluation. Compared to group 1: (1) Mean lipid layer thickness was better in group 2 (
conclusionOur study demonstrated that differences existed in tear film properties comparing data from the pre- and post-pandemic of the COVID-19 era.
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