Observational studyWorld journal of gastroenterology2022
Early extrahepatic recurrence as a pivotal factor for survival after hepatocellular carcinoma resection: A 15-year observational study.
Observational study in World journal of gastroenterology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Postoperative Adjuvant Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Patient Selection and Clinical Predictors of Therapeutic Benefit.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Review
- Development and External Validation of a Multimodal Machine Learning Model Integrating Preoperative Contrast-Enhanced CT Radiomics and Clinicopathological Features for Predicting Early Extrahepatic Recurrence After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- The Impact of Spatiotemporal Patterns of Tumor Recurrence on Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Surgery After Conversion Therapy.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplantation: Current Insights and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Pre- and postoperative predictors of extrahepatic recurrence after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Article
- Betaine inhibits the stem cell-like properties of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating autophagy via SAM/mTheranostics · 2025Article
- Novel nomograms based on microvascular invasion grade for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Pre-operative MRI features predict early post-operative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma with different degrees of pathological differentiation.La Radiologia medica · 2023Article
- Imaging Features of Main Hepatic Resections: The Radiologist Challenging.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Clinical Results, Risk Factors, and Future Directions of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Microwave Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2023Review
- Efficacy of atezolizumab-bevacizumab combination therapy early after recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma following resection or ablation with a curative intent.Annals of gastroenterologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSurgical resection is one of the most widely used modalities for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Early extrahepatic recurrence (EHR) of HCC after surgical resection is considered to be closely associated with poor prognosis. However, data regarding risk factors and survival outcomes of early EHR after surgical resection remain scarce.
aimTo investigate the clinical features and risk factors of early EHR and elucidate its association with survival outcomes.
methodsFrom January 2004 to December 2019, we enrolled treatment-naïve patients who were ≥ 18 years and underwent surgical resection for HCC in two tertiary academic centers. After excluding patients with tumor types other than HCC and/or ineligible data, this retrospective study finally included 779 patients. Surgical resection of HCC was performed according to the physicians' decisions and the EHR was diagnosed based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, and pathologic confirmation was performed in selected patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the variables associated with EHR.
resultsEarly EHR within 2 years after surgery was diagnosed in 9.5% of patients during a median follow-up period of 4.4 years. The recurrence-free survival period was 5.2 mo, and the median time to EHR was 8.8 mo in patients with early EHR. In 52.7% of patients with early EHR, EHR occurred as the first recurrence of HCC after surgical resection. On multivariate analysis, serum albumin < 4.0 g/dL, serum alkaline phosphatase > 100 U/L, surgical margin involvement, venous and/or lymphatic involvement, satellite nodules, tumor necrosis detected by pathology, tumor size ≥ 7 cm, and macrovascular invasion were determined as risk factors associated with early EHR. After sub-categorizing the patients according to the number of risk factors, the rates of both EHR and survival showed a significant correlation with the risk of early EHR. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that early EHR was associated with substantially worse survival outcomes (Hazard ratio, 6.77; 95% confidence interval, 4.81-9.52;
conclusionEarly EHR significantly deteriorates the survival of patients with HCC, and our identified risk factors may predict the clinical outcomes and aid in postoperative strategies for improving survival.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.