ArticleRespiratory research2022
Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) versus active surveillance in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a retrospective, multicentre study.
Article in Respiratory research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04829708 (Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Versus MRI Surveillance in Patients With Limited-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Achieved Remission After First-line Chemoradiotherapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Versus MRI Surveillance in Patients With Limited-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Achieved Remission After First-line Chemoradiotherapy: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prophylactic cranial irradiation versus active MRI surveillance for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer achieving response after chemoradiotherapy: a protocol for a randomized, controlled, multicenter, phase III trial.Respiratory research · 2026Article
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- Review
- Durvalumab Consolidation Treatment Following Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Limited-Stage SCLC: ADRIATIC China Subgroup Analysis.JTO clinical and research reports · 2026Article
- Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Brain Metastasis at Initial Diagnosis in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Model Development and SHAP Interpretation Study.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Clinicopathological significance of 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2 expression in small cell lung cancer tissues.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Failure patterns and the influence of the TNM staging systems on prognosis in limited disease small cell lung Cancer (SCLC): the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) study.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Isocenter Optimization in WBRT: Concurrent Sparing of Lens and Lacrimal Gland via Anterior Penumbra Sharpening.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026Article
- Article
- Efficacy evaluation of prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited stage small‑cell lung cancer in the magnetic resonance imaging era: A meta‑analysis.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer in the modern magnetic resonance imaging era may be omitted: a propensity score-matched analysis.Journal of radiation research · 2024Article
- Implementing the optimized hippo-avoidance prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited-stage small cell lung cancer by tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy.Thoracic cancer · 2024Article
- The impact of Prophylactic cranial irradiation on the prognosis of patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer in the MRI era.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Analysis of high‑risk factors for brain metastasis and prognosis after prophylactic cranial irradiation in limited‑stage small cell lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Article
- Immunotherapy for Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Innovative Treatments and Future Perspectives.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe recommendation of PCI for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) is primarily based on evidence from the pre-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) era. However, as MRI accuracy improves and stereotactic radiosurgery advances, the role of PCI for LS-SCLC has become uncertain. This study aims to compare the contemporary survival outcomes of patients with LS-SCLC treated with PCI versus active surveillance.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in which 1068 patients with LS-SCLC who achieved a good response to first-line chemoradiotherapy were consecutively enrolled from 5 tertiary medical centres between June 2009 and June 2019. Of these patients, 440 received PCI, while 628 received surveillance without PCI. Propensity score matching with a 1:1 ratio was performed to balance the baseline characteristics of the two cohorts. The endpoints were overall survival (OS) and the incidence of brain metastasis (BM).
resultsIn total, 648 patients were matched. The baseline characteristics were generally well balanced. At a median follow-up of 64.5 months (range 2-190), patients who underwent PCI had a significantly lower risk for BM than those who underwent surveillance. The 3-year cumulative incidence rate of BM was 28.2% (95% CI 22.5-33.8%) in the PCI cohort and 38.5% (32.6-44.5%) in the surveillance cohort (Gray's p = 0.002). However, the lower incidence of BM in the PCI cohort did not translate into a significant extension of OS. The median OS was 35.8 months (95% CI 27.6-44.0 months) in the PCI cohort versus 32 months (26.4-37.6 months) in the surveillance cohort (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.74-1.10, p = 0.29). Multivariable analysis showed that disease stage, chemoradiotherapy sequence, and response to chemoradiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for BM or OS.
conclusionsOverall, PCI reduces the risk for BM but does not substantially prolong OS compared with active surveillance. A phase 3, prospective clinical trial (NCT04829708) we initiated is currently underway, which is expected to corroborate our results.
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