SynthesisBreast (Edinburgh, Scotland)2022
Mammographic breast density and the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 212 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-assisted 18f-fdg pet/ct for predicting pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for breast cancer: an umbrella review of observational cohort studies and causal relationship analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical guidelines for the management of mammographic density: a systematic review of breast screening guidelines worldwide.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Article
- Decoupling Structural and Vascular Biomarkers in Contrast-Enhanced Mammography: A Methodological Synthesis and Perspective.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early-adulthood body mass index, mammographic density and post-menopausal breast cancer risk: a mediation analysis.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Tumor Characteristics and Event Free Survival in Older and Younger Women with Early Breast Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- ROI-Based Quantitative Analysis in Contrast-Enhanced Mammography: A Feasibility Study for Reproducible Enhancement Assessment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mammographic density assessment by an artificial intelligence model for breast cancer detection in BreastScreen Norway.European radiology · 2026Article
- Assessment of Potentially Unnecessary Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Utilization and Its Economic Impact: A Retrospective Study.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2026Article
- Real-World Evidence for Breast Cancer Risk Stratification: Insights from the P.I.N.K. Study.Cancers · 2026Article
- Unmasking Malignancy in Dense Breast Tissue (American College of Radiology Types C and D): A Biopsy-Proven Analysis of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Performance, Clinical Decision Dynamics, and Correlation with Histological Grade and Molecular Subtypes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Temporal changes in breast cancer lifetime risk and implications for personalised surveillance in high-risk women.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- MuSTAF: Clinically Relevant Multi-task Spatiotemporal Attention Fusion Framework for Breast Cancer Detection with Longitudinal Mammography.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Soy Intake During Childhood and/or Adolescence and Adult Breast Cancer: An Examination of the Early Soy Intake Hypothesis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Compact breast parenchyma: imaging and transcriptomic correlates.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Supplemental Breast Ultrasound in Mammography Screening for Women with Critically Dense Breasts.Cancers · 2026Article
- Interactions between genetic and epidemiological factors influencing mammographic density.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Advancements in Developing an Automated Breast Density Detection Technique for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction: Synthesizing a Signal-dependent Noise Stochastic Process.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesMammographic density is a well-defined risk factor for breast cancer and having extremely dense breast tissue is associated with a one-to six-fold increased risk of breast cancer. However, it is questioned whether this increased risk estimate is applicable to current breast density classification methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further investigate and clarify the association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk based on current literature.
methodsMedline, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles published since 2013, that used BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition and incorporated data on digital mammography. Crude and maximally confounder-adjusted data were pooled in odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects models. Heterogeneity regarding breast cancer risks were investigated using I
resultsNine observational studies were included. Having extremely dense breast tissue (BI-RADS density D) resulted in a 2.11-fold (95% CI 1.84-2.42) increased breast cancer risk compared to having scattered dense breast tissue (BI-RADS density B). Sensitivity analysis showed that when only using data that had adjusted for age and BMI, the breast cancer risk was 1.83-fold (95% CI 1.52-2.21) increased. Both results were statistically significant and homogenous.
conclusionsMammographic breast density BI-RADS D is associated with an approximately two-fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to having BI-RADS density B in general population women. This is a novel and lower risk estimate compared to previously reported and might be explained due to the use of digital mammography and BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.