ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2023
Spinal Cord Boundary Conditions Affect Brain Tissue Strains in Impact Simulations.
Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Evaluation of Tentorium and Brainstem Influences on Intracranial Displacements and Strains.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Brain Material Properties and Integration of Arachnoid Complex for Biofidelic Impact Response for Human Head Finite Element Model.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Quantifying the Importance of Active Muscle Repositioning a Finite Element Neck Model in Flexion Using Kinematic, Kinetic, and Tissue-Level Responses.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Assessment of brain response in operators subject to recoil force from firing long-range rifles.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain and spinal cord injuries have devastating consequences on quality of life but are challenging to assess experimentally due to the traumatic nature of such injuries. Finite element human body models (HBM) have been developed to investigate injury but are limited by a lack of biofidelic spinal cord implementation. In many HBM, brain models terminate with a fixed boundary condition at the brain stem. The goals of this study were to implement a comprehensive representation of the spinal cord into a contemporary head and neck HBM, and quantify the effect of the spinal cord on brain deformation during simulated impacts. Spinal cord tissue geometries were developed, based on 3D medical imaging and literature data, meshed, and implemented into the GHBMC 50th percentile male model. The model was evaluated in frontal, lateral, rear, and oblique impact conditions, and the resulting maximum principal strains in the brain tissue were compared, with and without the spinal cord. A new cumulative strain curve metric was proposed to quantify brain strain distribution. Presence of the spinal cord increased brain tissue strains in all simulated cases, owing to a more compliant boundary condition, highlighting the importance of the spinal cord to assess brain response during impact.
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Registered trials
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