Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36182962›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

Drug resistance and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon.

Fredy E Villena, Juan F Sanchez, Oscar Nolasco, Greys Braga, Leonila Ricopa, Keare Barazorda, Carola J Salas, Carmen Lucas, Stephen E Lizewski, Christie A Joya and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  4. Malaria control and the unexpected spread of diagnostic-resistantbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Fredy E VillenaVysnova, Lima, Peru.
Juan F SanchezDepartment of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Lima, Peru.
Oscar NolascoInstituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Peru.
Greys BragaDepartment of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Lima, Peru.
Leonila RicopaVysnova, Lima, Peru.
Keare BarazordaVysnova, Lima, Peru.
Carola J SalasDepartment of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Lima, Peru.
Carmen LucasDepartment of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Lima, Peru.
Stephen E LizewskiDepartment of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Lima, Peru.
Christie A JoyaDepartment of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Lima, Peru.
Dionicia GamboaInstituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Peru.
Christopher Delgado-RattoInstituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander Von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 31, Peru.
Hugo O ValdiviaDepartment of Parasitology, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Lima, Peru. hugo.o.valdivia.ln@health.mil.
Naval Medical Research Unit Six · PEUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia · PE

Funding

Sugar-feeding behavior of the malaria vector Nyssorhynchus darlingi and development of effective attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSB) to increase intervention success in PeruU19AI089681 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI CASTRO, MARCIA C. · 2010 to 2023
$20.1M
Translational Research Development for Endemic Infectious Diseases of AmazoniaD43TW007120 · FIC · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI VINETZ, JOSEPH M. · 2004 to 2020
$3.0M
FIC NIH HHS 2D43TW007120-11A1FIC NIH HHS D43 TW007120NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI089681NIAID NIH HHS U19AI089681Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 090770Wellcome Trust 206194
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malaria is a major health problem in Peru despite substantial progress achieved by the ongoing malaria elimination program. This study explored the population genetics of 63 Plasmodium falciparum and 170 P. vivax cases collected in the Peruvian Amazon Basin between 2015 and 2019. Microscopy and PCR were used for malaria detection and positive samples were genotyped at neutral and drug resistance-associated regions. The P. falciparum population exhibited a low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.02) whereas the P. vivax population presented a higher genetic diversity (π = 0.34). All P. falciparum samples (n = 63) carried chloroquine (CQ) resistant mutations on Pfcrt. Most P. falciparum samples (53 out of 54) carried sulfadoxine (SD) resistant mutations on Pfdhfr and Pfdhps. No evidence was found of artemisinin resistance mutations on kelch13. Population structure showed that a single cluster accounted for 93.4% of the P. falciparum samples whereas three clusters were found for P. vivax. Our study shows a low genetic diversity for both species with significant differences in genetic sub-structuring. The high prevalence of CQ-resistance mutations could be a result of indirect selection pressures driven by the P. vivax treatment scheme. These results could be useful for public health authorities to safeguard the progress that Peru has achieved towards malaria elimination.

Indexed as

AntimalarialsArtemisininsMalariaMalaria, FalciparumMalaria, VivaxChloroquineDrug ResistanceHumansNucleotidesPeruPlasmodium falciparumPlasmodium vivaxProtozoan ProteinsSulfadoxineAntimalarialsArtemisininsChloroquineNucleotidesProtozoan ProteinsSulfadoxine

Identifiers

PMID36182962
PMCPMC9526214
OpenAlexW4298396080

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.