ArticleTranslational psychiatry2022
Exploring the causal effects of genetic liability to ADHD and Autism on Alzheimer's disease.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Bidirectional Causal Effects of Alzheimer's Disease Across Multiple Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian Randomization Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- CLinNET: An Interpretable and Uncertainty-Aware Deep Learning Framework for Multi-Modal Clinical Genomics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Potential Genetic Intersections Between ADHD and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.NeuroSci · 2025Review
- Association between autism and dementia across generations: evidence from a family study of the Swedish population.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neurodevelopmental Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Among Medicare and Medicaid Enrolled Autistic Adults, 2011-2019.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Multi-omics analysis reveals the key factors involved in the severity of the Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Psychiatric Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for Dementia: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Mendelian randomisation studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.JCPP advances · 2022Article
- Neuroprotection in late life attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of pharmacotherapy and phenotype across the lifespan.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
- Machine learning uncovers novel sex-specific dementia biomarkers linked to autism and eye diseases.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Few studies suggest possible links between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease but they have been limited by small sample sizes, diagnostic and recall bias. We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the bidirectional causal association between genetic liability to ADHD and ASD on Alzheimer's disease. In addition, we estimated the causal effects independently of educational attainment and IQ, through multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR). We employed genetic variants associated with ADHD (20,183 cases/35,191 controls), ASD (18,381 cases/27,969 controls), Alzheimer's disease (71,880 cases/383,378 controls), educational attainment (n = 766,345) and IQ (n = 269,867) using the largest GWAS of European ancestry. There was limited evidence to suggest a causal effect of genetic liability to ADHD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98-1.02, P = 0.39) or ASD (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97-1.01, P = 0.70) on Alzheimer's disease. Similar causal effect estimates were identified as direct effects, independent of educational attainment (ADHD: OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.01, P = 0.76; ASD: OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, P = 0.28) and IQ (ADHD: OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99-1.02. P = 0.29; ASD: OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.01, P = 0.99). Genetic liability to Alzheimer's disease was not found to have a causal effect on risk of ADHD or ASD (ADHD: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.86-1.44, P = 0.37; ASD: OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.94-1.51, P = 0.14). We found limited evidence to suggest a causal effect of genetic liability to ADHD or ASD on Alzheimer's disease; and vice versa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.