ReviewSocial science & medicine (1982)2022
Antibiotic geographies and access to medicines: Tracing the role of India's pharmaceutical industry in global trade.
Review in Social science & medicine (1982), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- US Antibiotic Importation and Supply Chain Vulnerabilities.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- Analysis of antibiotic use and access to drugs among poultry farmers in Kenya.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Country of origin and prices of systemic antibiotics in Vietnam: a multicentre retrospective study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Mapping antibiotic pollution and tracking drivers of environmental AMR in a North Indian pharmaceutical hub.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- China's position and competitiveness in the global antibiotic value chain: implications for global health.Globalization and health · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- A pharmaceutical policy accident: collision of shareholder capitalism and Chinese state capitalism driving the shortage of an essential antibiotic.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024Article
- Good manufacturing practice inspections conducted by Tanzania medicines and medical devices authority: a comparative study of two fiscal years from 2018 to 2020.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024Article
- Quality assessment of oral antimalarial and antiretroviral medicines used by public health systems in Sahel countries.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Access to medicines has become a major concern for countries worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, as pharmaceutical production and trade have been disrupted in the course of the crisis. Antibiotics are one group of medicines where worries about access have been raised. Access to the right antibiotic at the right time is important not only for curing infections of individual patients, but also for curbing antibiotic resistance globally. Reliable pharmaceutical supply is key to ensuring access to medicines. The global supply of generic medicines has over the last decades been transformed by the rise of India's pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, I trace the changing role of this industry for the global export of antibiotics, by mapping and describing changes in Indian antibiotic exports and discussing these in light of historical processes and events. The paper offers a novel approach to analyse global antibiotic trajectories by using international trade data from publicly available resources combined with a secondary literature review. I show that India's pharmaceutical industry today holds a key role as one of the world's biggest exporters of antibiotic medicines, but with an increasing dependency on China as a supplier of antibiotic ingredients. This produces both opportunities and concerns for access to antibiotics globally.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.