Observational studyAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2023
Anemia Prevalence, Type, and Associated Risks in a Cohort of 5.0 Million Insured Patients in the United States by Level of Kidney Function.
Observational study in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient reported outcome measures and cardiovascular outcomes following high dose modern intravenous iron in non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease: secondary analysis of ExplorIRON-CKD.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Inflammatory and traditional risk factors associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- Baseline and Follow-Up Association between Adiposity and Renal Function: Data from the ILERVAS Cohort.Obesity facts · 2026Article
- Interstitial Fibrosis Severity Is Not Independently Associated with Anemia in Biopsy-Proven Primary Glomerulonephritis: A Nationwide Registry Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Anemia Management in a Contemporary Population of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease in Canada Since the Publication of Target Hemoglobin Trials: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2026Article
- Knowledge-based clinical decision support system for the automated classification of anemia in hemodialysis patientsBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2025Observational
- Delayed-type Hypersensitivity to a Zinc-containing Drug as a Cause of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: A Case Report.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Sex- and Stage-Specific Predictors of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The Roxadustat (FG-4592) ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by promoting intact FGF23 cleavage.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Anemia in Elderly Patients: Contribution of Renal Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clinicopathological features and predictors of anti-GBM disease combined with membranous nephropathy.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- The impact of anemia on left ventricular function and deformation in patients with essential hypertension: a cardiac magnetic resonance study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Prevalence of anemia and related factors among Tabari cohort population: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, and treatment of anemia in hospitalized older patients across geriatric and nephrological settings in Italy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors as a New Treatment Option for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Comparison of outcomes on hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) in anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease: network meta-analyses in dialysis and non-dialysis dependent populations.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Anemia and Hypoxia Impact on Chronic Kidney Disease Onset and Progression: Review and Updates.Cureus · 2023Review
- The worsening effect of anemia on left ventricular function and global strain in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a 3.0 T CMR feature tracking study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
- Low glomerular filtration rate values are associated with higher TSH in an elderly population at high cardiovascular disease risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
RATIONALE &
objectiveAnemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD); although anemia is associated with adverse outcomes, the available treatments are not ideal. We characterized the burden, risk factors for, and risks associated with anemia by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hemoglobin level. STUDY
designCross-sectional and prospective cohort study. SETTING &
participantsOutpatient data from 5,004,957 individuals across 57 health care centers in the United States from 2016 to 2019, extracted from the Optum Labs Data Warehouse. EXPOSURE: Severity of anemia, presence of low iron test results, eGFR. OUTCOME: Incident kidney failure with replacement therapy, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, death. ANALYTICAL APPROACH: The prevalences of anemia, low iron test results, vitamin B
resultsThe mean age was 54 years, and 42% were male. Lower eGFR was very strongly associated with increased prevalence of anemia, even after adjustment. Although iron studies were checked infrequently in patients with anemia, low iron test results were highly prevalent in those tested: 60.4% and 81.3% of men and women, respectively. ESA use was uncommon, with a prevalence of use of<4%. Lower hemoglobin was independently associated with increased risk of incident kidney failure with replacement therapy, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and death. LIMITATIONS: Reliance on ICD codes for medical diagnoses, death information obtained from claims data, observational study.
conclusionsSevere anemia was common and strongly associated with lower eGFR and multiple adverse outcomes. Low-iron test results were highly prevalent in those tested despite iron studies being checked infrequently. ESA use in nondialysis CKD patients was uncommon.
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Registered trials
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