Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36180853›Full record

ArticleHarm reduction journal2022

Law enforcement and syringe services program implementation in rural counties in Kentucky: a qualitative exploration.

Sean T Allen, Sarah Danforth, Suzanne M Grieb, Jennifer L Glick, Samantha J Harris, Catherine Tomko, Susan G Sherman

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Harm reduction journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sean T AllenDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 184, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Sallen63@jhu.edu.
Sarah DanforthDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 184, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Suzanne M GriebDepartment of Pediatrics, Center for Child and Community Health Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
Jennifer L GlickDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 184, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Samantha J HarrisDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Catherine TomkoDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 184, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Susan G ShermanDepartment of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 184, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Vaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Anna Palmer Durbin · 2012 to 2026
$67.0M
Why Place MattersU54MD000214 · NIMHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI GASKIN, DARRELL J. · 2017 to 2022
$8.8M
Syringe Services Program Implementation in Rural Counties Vulnerable to HIV OutbreakK01DA046234 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ALLEN, SEAN T · 2018 to 2022
$722k
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA046234NIH HHS K01DA046234NIH HHS U54MD000214
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExisting research in urban areas has documented a multitude of ways in which law enforcement may affect risks for bloodborne infectious disease acquisition among people who inject drugs (PWID), such as via syringe confiscation and engaging in practices that deter persons from accessing syringe services programs (SSPs). However, limited work has been conducted to explore how law enforcement may impact SSP implementation and operations in rural counties in the United States. This creates a significant gap in the HIV prevention literature given the volume of non-urban counties in the United States that are vulnerable to injection drug use-associated morbidity and mortality.

objectiveThis study explores the influence of law enforcement during processes to acquire approvals for SSP implementation and subsequent program operations in rural Kentucky counties.

methodsFrom August 2020 to October 2020, we conducted eighteen in-depth qualitative interviews among persons involved with SSP implementation in rural counties in Kentucky (USA). Interviews explored the factors that served as barriers and facilitators to SSP implementation and operations, including the role of law enforcement.

resultsParticipants described scenarios in which rural law enforcement advocated for SSP implementation; however, they also reported police opposing rural SSP implementation and engaging in adverse behaviors (e.g., targeting SSP clients) that may jeopardize the public health of PWID. Participants reported that efforts to educate rural law enforcement about SSPs were particularly impactful when they discussed how SSP implementation may prevent needlestick injuries.

conclusionsThe results of this study suggest that there are multiple ways in which rural SSP implementation and subsequent operations in rural Kentucky counties are affected by law enforcement. Future work is needed to explore how to expeditiously engage rural law enforcement, and communities more broadly, about SSPs, their benefits, and public health necessity.

Indexed as

Needle-Exchange ProgramsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousHumansKentuckyLaw EnforcementSyringesUnited StatesDrug policyHIVInjection drug usePeople who inject drugsRuralSyringe services program

Identifiers

PMID36180853
PMCPMC9526275
OpenAlexW4298138014

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.