ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2023
In Vitro Analysis of CTLA-4-Mediated Transendocytosis by Regulatory T Cells.
Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mathematical and Mouse Models Identify Regulatory T Cell Influx as A Key Determinant of Acquired Resistance to PD-1 Immunotherapy.Cancer research · 2026Article
- CTLA-4 Antisense Oligonucleotide Contributes to Enhanced Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted RecombinantVaccines · 2026Article
- Harnessing the biology of regulatory T cells to treat disease.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Spectrum of Treg and self-reactive T cells: single cell perspectives from old friend HTLV-1.Discovery immunology · 2024Review
- Case report: Challenges in immune reconstitution following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for CTLA-4 insufficiency-like primary immune regulatory disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) constitutively express the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4, which is fundamental to their role in immune suppression. Mechanistically, CTLA-4 on Tregs can attenuate T cell activation by physically removing and internalizing costimulatory ligands CD80 and CD86 from the surface of antigen-presenting cells by transendocytosis. Therefore, the process of transendocytosis can be harnessed as a tool to study the molecular basis of CTLA-4 biology and a key aspect of Treg suppressive function. In this chapter, we describe a method of human Treg isolation and expansion resulting in high CTLA-4 expression. We then detail a transendocytosis assay using artificial antigen-presenting cells (DG-75 B Cell lines) expressing fluorescently tagged ligands mixed with the expanded Tregs. This methodology can be applied to testing of patients carrying CTLA-4 mutations, providing a robust model to assess the degree of functional disruption.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.