ArticleScientific reports2022
Exosomal miRNA-21 from Toxoplasma gondii-infected microglial cells induces the growth of U87 glioma cells by inhibiting tumor suppressor genes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Hijacking Host Communication: The Central Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious Disease Pathogenesis.Cells · 2026Review
- Exosomes liquid biopsy in Lymphoma precision medicine: applications and challenges.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Article
- Glancing at the role of Toxoplasma gondii in neuro-oncology: from risk factor to therapeutic target.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- PDCD4: A Double-Edged Sword in Neurological Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Parasitic Infections and Carcinogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Toxoplasma gondii infection of neurons alters the production and content of extracellular vesicles directing astrocyte phenotype and contributing to the loss of GLT-1 in the infected brain.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- A landscape review with novel criteria to evaluate microbial drivers for cancer: priorities for innovative research targeting excessive cancer mortality in sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Distinct roles of small extracellular vesicles from resident and infiltrating macrophages on glioma growth and mobility.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- An in-depth exploration of the multifaceted roles of EVs in the context of pathogenic single-cell microorganisms.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells, as glioma exosomal immunosuppressive signal multipliers, enhance MDSCs immunosuppressive activity through the miR-21/SP1/DNMT1 positive feedback loop.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- A Systematic Review of Apicomplexa Looking into Epigenetic Pathways and the Opportunity for Novel Therapies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- piRNA pathway evolution beyond gonad context: Perspectives from apicomplexa and trypanosomatids.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- A novel enemy of cancer: recent investigations into protozoan anti-tumor properties.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Multiomics and bioinformatics identify differentially expressed effectors in the brain ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that can modulate the microenvironment of infected hosts and is known to be associated with the incidence of brain tumor growth. In this study, we suggested that the exosomal microRNA-21 derived from Toxoplasma infection would contribute to the growth of brain tumors. Exosomes of BV2 microglial cells infected with Toxoplasma were characterized and confirmed internalization to U87 glioma cells. Exosomal miRNA expression profiles were analyzed using microRNA array and miR-21A-5p associated with Toxoplasma and tumor sorted. We also examined the mRNA level of tumor-associated genes in U87 glioma cells by changing the level of miR-21 within exosomes and the effects of exosomes on the proliferation of human U87 glioma cells. Expression of miRNA-21 was increased and anti-tumorigenic genes (FoxO1, PTEN, and PDCD4) were decreased in exosomes within T. gondii-infected U87 glioma cells. Toxoplasma-infected BV2-derived exosomes induced proliferation of U87 glioma cells. The exosomes induced the growth of U87 cells in a mouse tumor model. We suggest that the increased exosomal miR-21 from Toxoplasma-infected BV2 microglial cells may play an important role as a cell growth promotor of U87 glioma cells through a down-regulation of anti-tumorigenic genes.
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