ArticleVaccine2022
Attendance and vaccination at immunization clinics in rural Gambia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Vaccine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on measles vaccination coverage.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Pooled it
- Measles Vaccine Coverage and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review of the Early Impact of COVID-19 in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries.International journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Childhood vaccination trends during 2019 to 2022 in Tanzania and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Vaccination in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review to Set the Scope for Future Pandemics.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on routine childhood immunizations coverage in Zambia.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the coverage and timeliness of routine childhood vaccinations in the Gambia, 2015-2021.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Routine child immunizations in India during the COVID-19 pandemic.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a clinical trial of pneumococcal vaccine scheduling (PVS) in rural Gambia.Trials · 2023Article
- Impact of a performance monitoring intervention on the timeliness of Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination in the Gambia: a controlled interrupted time series analysis.BMC public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the delivery of essential health services, such as routine immunization. We assessed the impact of the pandemic on the uptake of routine immunization in rural Gambia.
methodsWe collected real-time vaccine administration data in the Basse and Fuladu West Health & Demographic Surveillance Systems from September 01, 2019, to December 31, 2020. We assessed the monthly number of Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) clinic attendances and vaccines administered, comparing data during the baseline period (September 01, 2019-March 31, 2020), COVID-19 interruption period (April 01-June 30, 2020), initial recovery period (Jul 01-September 30, 2020) and the late recovery period (October 01-December 31, 2020).
resultsCompared to the baseline period, there was an overall average monthly decline of 13.4% in EPI attendance and 38.3% reduction in average monthly immunizations during the interruption period. This decrease was particularly noticeable for Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (47.2%), birth dose hepatitis B (Hep B) (46.9%), 1st dose pentavalent (Penta1) (43.1%), 1st dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV1) (42.4%), and measles vaccines (15.5%). Comparing the late recovery to baseline period, average monthly EPI attendance was 5.3% higher, with 1.9% increase in average monthly immunizations. Monthly immunizations for BCG were 3.0% greater, 2.5% greater for Hep B, 22.7% greater for oral polio vaccine (OPV1), 2.0% less for Penta1, 19.2% less for Penta2, and 2.6% less for PCV1.
conclusionThe reduced EPI attendance during the pandemic interruption period lasted only 3 months. Significant recovery in EPI attendance occurred during the late recovery period, while rates of monthly immunization returned to pre-pandemic levels for most antigens. EPI programmes should implement strategies to deliver missed antigens when infants do present to EPI clinics, aware that missed doses may be age dependent.
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