Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36180126›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2022

Developing a core outcome set for physical activity interventions in primary schools: a modified-Delphi study.

Bina Ram, Kimberley A Foley, Esther van Sluijs, Dougal S Hargreaves, Russell M Viner, Sonia Saxena

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In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bina RamPrimary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK b.ram@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-0023-1573
Kimberley A FoleyPrimary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3664-8100
Esther van SluijsMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Dougal S HargreavesPrimary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Russell M VinerPopulation, Policy and Practice Research Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3047-2247
Sonia SaxenaPrimary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3787-2083

Funding

Department of HealthMedical Research Council MC_UU_00006/5Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/7
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo develop a core outcome set (COS) for physical activity interventions in primary schools.

designModified-Delphi study.

settingThe UK and international.

participants104 participants from four stakeholder groups (educators, public health professionals, health researchers, parents); 16 children (aged 8-9 years) from 1 London primary school.

interventionsPhysical activity interventions.

methodsFour-stage process: (1) outcomes extracted from relevant studies identified from an umbrella review and a focus group; (2) list of outcomes produced and domains established; (3) stakeholders completed a two-round Delphi survey by rating (Round 1) and re-rating (Round 2) each outcome on a nine-point Likert Scale from 'not important' to 'critical': a>70% participant threshold identified the outcomes rated 'critical' to measure, and outcomes important to children were identified through a workshop; and (4) a stakeholder meeting to achieve consensus of the outcomes to include in the COS.

resultsIn total, 74 studies were extracted from 53 reviews. A list of 50 outcomes was produced and three domains were established: 'physical activity and health' (16 outcomes), 'social and emotional health' (22 outcomes) and 'educational performance' (12 outcomes). 104 participants completed survey Round 1; 65 participants completed both rounds. In total, 13 outcomes met the threshold; children identified 8 outcomes. Fourteen outcomes achieved consensus to produce the COS: five outcomes for physical activity and health (diet (varied and balanced), energy, fitness, intensity of physical activity, sleep (number of hours)); seven outcomes for social and emotional health (anxiety, depression, enjoyment, happiness, self-esteem, stress, well-being); and two outcomes for educational performance (concentration, focus).

conclusionsWe have developed the first COS for physical activity interventions in primary schools in consultation with those interested in the development and application of an agreed standardised set of outcomes. Future studies including these outcomes will reduce heterogeneity across studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative registration number 1322; Results.

Indexed as

Outcome Assessment, Health CareResearch DesignChildDelphi TechniqueExerciseHumansSchoolsTreatment OutcomeCommunity child healthEPIDEMIOLOGYPUBLIC HEALTH

Identifiers

PMID36180126
PMCPMC9528589

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.