ArticleEBioMedicine2022
Sex differences in the association of fasting glucose with HbA1c, and their consequences for mortality: A Mendelian randomization study.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific differences in the prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia states: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Relationships between glucose variability with white matter hyperintensity and cerebrovascular abnormalities.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Revisiting Glycemic Control Targets: Survival Outcomes by Glycated Hemoglobin Levels Among Patients With Diabetes Under Contemporary Antidiabetic Therapy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Determinants of HbA1c Variability Across Clinical Subgroups: When the Same Value Does Not Reflect the Same Biological Risk.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Hemoglobin glycation index and mortality risk in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Association Between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Delirium Risk in Sepsis Patients in the Intensive Care UnitBalkan medical journal · 2026Article
- Global burden of disease attributable to high fasting plasma glucose from 1990 to 2021: a spatiotemporal analysis of global burden of disease 2021.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- High-dimensional machine learning models for prediction of heart failure in more than 400 000 men and women from the UK Biobank.European heart journal. Digital health · 2025Article
- Determining A1C Normal Values in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- To explore the relationship between multiple glycemic markers and all-cause mortality in patients with severe atrial fibrillation based on multiple databases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Visit-to-visit glucose variability is associated with echocardiographic variables in people with type 2 diabetes: epidemiological and mendelian randomization approaches.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Article
- The Impact of Age and Sex on Fasting Plasma Glucose and Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Non-diabetes Population.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Association between Hemoglobin Glycation Index and In-Hospital all-cause mortality of patients with Congestive Heart Failure: a retrospective study utilizing the MIMIC-IV database.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Aging and head and neck cancer insights from single cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Risk of new-onset diabetes and efficacy of pharmacological weight loss therapy.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Article
- Exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs: potential biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Precision clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Association between substituting macronutrients and all-cause mortality: a network meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Sex- and age-specific associations of serum essential elements with diabetes among the Chinese adults: a community-based cross-sectional study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Article
- Glycation resistance and life-history traits: lessons from non-conventional animal models.Biology letters · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used for diabetes diagnosis and management. HbA1c also represents iron-related erythrocyte properties which differ by sex. We investigated erythrocyte properties on HbA1c and glucose, and whether corresponding consequences for mortality differed by sex.
methodsIn this two-sample Mendelian randomization study using the largest publicly available European descent summary statistics, we assessed sex-specific associations of iron (n=163,511) and hemoglobin (188,076 women/162,398 men) with HbA1c (185,022 women/159,160 men) and fasting glucose (73,089 women/67,506 men), of fasting glucose with HbA1c and diabetes (cases=6,589 women/10,686 men, controls=187,137 women/155,780 men), and of fasting glucose (n=140,595), HbA1c (n=146,806) and liability to diabetes (74,124 cases/824,006 controls) with parental attained age (412,937 mothers/415,311 fathers).
findingsIron and hemoglobin were inversely associated with HbA1c but not fasting glucose. Fasting glucose was more strongly associated with HbA1c and diabetes in women (1.65 standard deviation (SD) per mmol/L [95% confidence interval 1.58, 1.72]; odds ratio (OR) 7.36 per mmol/L [4.12, 10.98]) than men (0.89 [0.81, 0.98]; OR 2.79 [1.96, 4.98]). The inverse associations of HbA1c and liability to diabetes with lifespan were possibly stronger in men (-1.80 years per percentage [-2.77, -0.42]; -0.93 years per logOR [-1.23, -0.59]) than women (-0.80 [-2.69, 0.66]; -0.44 [-0.62, -0.26]).
interpretationHbA1c underestimates fasting glucose in men compared with women, possibly due to erythrocyte properties. Whether HbA1c and liability to diabetes reduce lifespan more in men than women because diagnostic and management criteria involving HbA1c mean that glycemia in men is under-treated compared to women needs urgent investigation.
fundingNone.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.