ReviewCNS drugs2022
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Pioneering the Path Towards Treatment of Progression?
Review in CNS drugs, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-in-Human Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Single and Multiple Ascending Oral Doses of BIIB091, an Oral BTK Inhibitor, in Healthy Adult Participants.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Foamy microglia link oxylipins to disease progression in multiple sclerosis.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Emerging Role of BTK Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunobiology to Clinical Translation.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Experimental Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Epstein-Barr Virus and Potential EBV-Related Therapeutic Strategies-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Investigations of remibrutinib in models pertinent to multiple sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Bruton Tyrosine Kinase in Lesions of Multiple Sclerosis and 3 of Its Models.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Evobrutinib mitigates neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke by targeting M1 microglial polarization via the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- A Window into New Insights on Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis: Role of Therapies and Current Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Pathophysiology in Multiple Sclerosis.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Versatile Therapeutic Approach for Cancer, Autoimmune Disorders, GVHD and COVID-19.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Emerging Insights into the Role of Macrophages in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Towards Treating Multiple Sclerosis Progression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis-A Key to Understanding and Managing Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of BIIB129, a Covalent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant BTK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- BTK inhibition limits microglia-perpetuated CNS inflammation and promotes myelin repair.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- Resisting the Resistance: Navigating BTK Mutations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).Genes · 2023Review
- Investigation of Fenebrutinib Metabolism and Bioactivation Using MSMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2023Review
- B cell targeted therapies in inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs and Associated Proteins in Multiple Sclerosis.Basic and clinical neuroscienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) persisting disability can derive from acute relapses or, alternatively, from slow and steady deterioration, termed chronic progression. Emerging data suggest that the latter process occurs largely independent from relapse activity or development of new central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory lesions. Pathophysiologically, acute relapses develop as a consequence of de novo CNS infiltration of immune cells, while MS progression appears to be driven by a CNS-trapped inflammatory circuit between CNS-established hematopoietic cells as well as CNS-resident cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Within the last decades, powerful therapies have been developed to control relapse activity in MS. All of these agents were primarily designed to systemically target the peripheral immune system and/or to prevent CNS infiltration of immune cells. Based on the above described dichotomy of MS pathophysiology, it is understandable that these agents only exert minor effects on progression and that novel targets within the CNS have to be utilized to control MS progression independent of relapse activity. In this regard, one promising strategy may be the inhibition of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), which is centrally involved in the activation of B cells as well as myeloid cells, such as macrophages and microglia. In this review, we discuss where and to what extent BTK is involved in the immunological and molecular cascades driving MS progression. We furthermore summarize all mechanistic, preclinical, and clinical data on the various BTK inhibitors (evobrutinib, tolebrutinib, fenebrutinib, remibrutinib, orelabrutinib, BIIB091) that are currently in development for treatment of MS, with a particular focus on the potential ability of either drug to control MS progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.